LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is a uniform query syntax in C# and VB.NET to retrieve data from different sources and formats. It is integrated with C# or VB, thereby eliminating the mismatch between programming languages and databases, as well as providing a single querying interface for different types of data sources.

For example, SQL is a Structured Query Language used to save and retrieve data from a database. In the same way, LINQ is a structured query syntax built-in C# and VB.NET to retrieve data from different types of data sources such as collections, ADO.Net DataSet, XML Docs, web service, and MS SQL Server, and other databases.

      string[] words = {"hello", "wonderful", "LINQ", "beautiful", "world"};

      var shortWords = from word in words where word.Length <= 5 select word;

      Dim words As String() = {"hello", "wonderful", "LINQ", "beautiful", "world"}

      Dim shortWords = From word In words _ Where word.Length <= 5 _ Select word

When the above code of C# or VB is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

There are two syntaxes of LINQ. These are the following ones.

var longWords = words.Where( w ⇒ w.length > 10);

Dim longWords = words.Where(Function(w) w.length > 10)

var longwords = from w in words where w.length > 10;

Dim longwords = from w in words where w.length > 10

The types of LINQ are mentioned below in brief.

Apart from the above, there is also a LINQ type named PLINQ which is Microsoft’s parallel LINQ.

LINQ has a 3-layered architecture in which the uppermost layer consists of the language extensions and the bottom layer consists of data sources that are typical objects implementing IEnumerable <T> or IQueryable <T> generic interfaces. The architecture is shown below.

A query expression is nothing but a LINQ query, expressed in a form similar to that of SQL with query operators like Select, Where and OrderBy. Query expressions usually start with the keyword "From".

To access standard LINQ query operators, the namespace System. The query should be imported by default. These expressions are written within a declarative query syntax which was C# 3.0.

Below is an example to show a complete query operation that consists of data source creation, query expression definition, and query execution.

         int[] scores = new int[] { 97, 92, 81, 60 };

         IEnumerable<int> scoreQuery = from score in scores where score > 80 select score;

Overview of LINQ

ASP .NET is a web development platform, which gives a programming version, a complete software program infrastructure, and various offerings required to build up robust internet packages for computers, as well as cell gadgets.

ASP .NET works on the pinnacle of the HTTP protocol and makes use of the HTTP commands and guidelines to set a browser-to-server bilateral communique and cooperation.

Asp .Net is part of the Microsoft .Net platform. Asp.Net packages are compiled codes, written the usage of the extensible and reusable components or gadgets present within the .NET framework. Those codes can use the whole hierarchy of classes in the .NET framework.

The ASP .NET application codes can be written in any of the following languages:

ASP .NET is used to produce interactive, data-driven web applications over the internet. It consists of a large number of controls such as text boxes, buttons, and labels for assembling, configuring, and manipulating code to create HTML pages.

ASP.NET web forms extend the event-driven model of interaction to web applications. The browser submits a web form to the web server and the server returns a full markup page or HTML page in response.

All client-side user activities are forwarded to the server for stateful processing. The server processes the output of the client actions and triggers the reactions.

Now, HTTP is a stateless protocol. ASP.NET framework helps in storing the information regarding the state of the application, which consists of:

The page state is the state of the client, i.e., the content of various input fields in the web form. The session state is the collective information obtained from various pages the user visited and worked with, i.e., the overall session state. To clear the concept, let us take an example of a shopping cart.

The user adds items to a shopping cart. Items are selected from a page, say the items page, and the total collected items and price are shown on a different page, say the cart page. Only HTTP cannot keep track of all the information coming from various pages. ASP.NET session state and server-side infrastructure keep track of the information collected globally over a session.

The ASP .NET runtime carries the page state to and from the server across page requests while generating ASP .NET runtime codes, and incorporates the state of the server-side components in hidden fields.

This way, the server becomes aware of the overall application state and operates in a two-tiered connected way.

The ASP .NET component model provides various building blocks of ASP .NET pages. It is an object model, which describes:

Server side counterparts of almost all HTML elements or tags, such as <form> and <input>.

Server controls, which help in developing complex user-interface. For example, the Calendar control or the Gridview control.

Asp .Net is an era, which goes on the .Net framework that consists of all internet-associated functionalities. The .Net framework is fabricated from an item-orientated hierarchy. An asp .Net web application is a product of pages. Whilst a person requests an ASP .NET page, the IIS delegates the processing of the web page to the ASP .NET runtime system.

The asp .Net runtime transforms the .aspx page into an instance of a class, which inherits from the bottom class web page of the .NET framework. Therefore, each ASP .NET page is an item and all its components i.E., the server-facet controls also are items.

Before going to the next session on Visual Studio.Net, let us go through the various components of the .Net framework 3.5. The following table describes the components of the .Net framework 3.5 and the job they perform:

Overview of ASP.NET

ASP.NET is an open-source, server-side web application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic websites, applications, and services.

It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

ASP.NET offers three frameworks for creating web applications: Web Forms, ASP.NET MVC, and ASP.NET Web Pages. All three frameworks are stable and mature, and you can create great web applications with any of them. No matter what framework you choose, you will get all the benefits and features of ASP.NET everywhere.

Each framework targets a different development style. The one you choose depends on a combination of your programming assets (knowledge, skills, and development experience), the type of application you're creating, and the development approach you're comfortable with.

With ASP.NET Web Forms, you can build dynamic websites using a familiar drag-and-drop, event-driven model. A design surface and hundreds of controls and components let you rapidly build sophisticated, powerful UI-driven sites with data access.

ASP.NET MVC gives you a powerful, patterns-based way to build dynamic websites that enables a clean separation of concerns and that gives you full control over markup for enjoyable, agile development. ASP.NET MVC includes many features that enable fast, TDD-friendly development for creating sophisticated applications that use the latest web standards.

ASP.NET Web Pages and the Razor syntax provide a fast, approachable, and lightweight way to combine server code with HTML to create dynamic web content. Connect to databases, add video, link to social networking sites, and include many more features that help you create beautiful sites that conform to the latest web standards.

Notes about Web Forms, MVC, and Web Pages

All three ASP.NET frameworks are based on the .NET Framework and share core functionality of .NET and of ASP.NET. For example, all three frameworks offer a login security model based around membership, and all three share the same facilities for managing requests, handling sessions, and so on that are part of the core ASP.NET functionality.

In addition, the three frameworks are not entirely independent, and choosing one does not preclude using another. Since the frameworks can coexist in the same web application, it's not uncommon to see individual components of applications written using different frameworks. For example, customer-facing portions of an app might be developed in MVC to optimize the markup, while the data access and administrative portions are developed in Web Forms to take advantage of data controls and simple data access.

The top features included of Asp. Net are given below:

High Performance: Performance is always a critical feature for any of the applications or software. Due to its ASP.NET Core and Kestrel web server, it’s remarked as the fastest and quick web application framework which is available in the market. Due to its new Kestrel web server, it is more fast and lightweight. Also, it has the advantage of asynchronous programming models. All other things like python, java, jsp, php use an interpreter. However, compilers are faster as compared to the interpreter. Compilers take all the code and compile at a time. So it is fast because ASP.NET uses compiler-based technology.

Cross-Platform and Container Support: As we say it supports cross-platform means it supports Windows, macOS, and Linux. So if we create ASP.NET application then we can directly deploy it on these platforms.

Asynchronous via Async/Await: Asynchronous programming patterns is now implemented in all .net frameworks classes and 3rd party libraries. You know why asp.net is faster, because of its wide use of asynchronous patterns in kestrel frameworks. However, most of the applications spend their lots of time waiting for database queries, web services call and its input-output operations to complete. 

Rich Development Environments: If we are creating the application then we will use IDE i.e visual studio. It provides a rich development environment by which we can easily drag and drop the components (radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) and create the application.

Language Independent: The framework is language independent that is developers can use various languages like C#. So it’s easy for a developer to make its application by language which they know. We can create a dynamic web application using any of the languages.

Supports for Web Sockets: Sockets are used to create a client – server-based Applications. By socket normally we can create web-based client-server applications. These provide back and forth communication of the browser.

Action Filters: NET supports a very great feature that is ACTION FILTERS. These filters are used to implement error handling, authorization, caching or to any custom logic which we would like to implement. There is a logic been implemented which will be executed before and after controller action. To implement these logic Action filters are used.

Globalization and Localization: We host the web application and it can be accessed from anywhere globally. So language, date and time format, number format, the currency must be different for different regions or countries. ASP.NET supports globalization so that different countries’ clients or people also can understand and they can access this application. ASP.NET customize our application for different languages with the help of resource files. These files act as a central repository where all the texts are placed.

Security: As it supports the .net framework so it will provide security for our application. Applications have its individual identity, so before running this .net will check its identity of those objects. It will also check the operating system security. Due to its pre-application configuration and feature of built-in windows authentication, our developed application is safe and secure. With built-in Windows authentication and per-application configuration, your applications are safe and secured.

Supports for HTML5 Form Types: It provides support for HTML5 form types. There the new controls are available in HTML5 like email, URL, Number, RNGE, Date pickers (week, date, month, time, DateTime-local, etc.), color and search.

NET Web API: This includes ASP.NET web forms. HTTP services are easily consumed and build with the help of ASP.NET Web API.

The .NET framework provides a consistent, object-oriented programming environment.

Eliminates the performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.

It minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts.

A consistent experience for both developers and users across various types of Windows-based and Web-based applications on multiple devices.

Communication built on the industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.

It doesn’t support many platforms like Java.

It does not provide the same JavaScript on the server and client-side which could be easy for coding.

ASP.NET and Web Forms provide you with a powerful way to create programmable Web pages in C#. Web Forms are server-based, meaning that the code runs on the server, producing HTML output that’s sent to the browser. When users click a button in a Web Forms page, it sends the page to the server for processing—that is, it makes a round-trip. Because of the inherently stateless nature of the Web, you need to understand how the page and its controls maintain their values between round-trips and how you must do the same for values you want to preserve. Web server controls provide Web Forms pages with rich, consistent objects that you can work with using a standard event-driven model.

What's up guys, about this article we know what is Asp. Net its features, and its advantages and disadvantages.

Asp. Net : An Overview

Caching in asp.net is the capability to keep a website web page or records within the reminiscence for rapid access. In asp.net, you need not hit the server for the equal response over and over. Shop it in the computer reminiscence and fetch it faster. Of course, this works handiest with static statistics because dynamic facts vary with each request made to the server.

It's miles very vital to recognize the technique of asp.Net caching net pages or data. To apprehend this, we might need to understand the .Net compilation system so that we get a fair understanding of while and where to cache the pages for optimum performance. Asp.Net page code is compiled in two tiers the MSIL degree and the jit degree. At the MSIL level, the page code written in high-level languages is compiled into Microsoft intermediate language. This occurs on every occasion we build our project. The complete internet site or project is compiled into MSIL each time we build. Inside the jit stage, the MSIL code is then converted into native device code by the simplicity in the time compiler. This occurs at some point in the execution of the page. But, now not the complete project is transformed into local code all of the time. Only the pages asked via the person are converted from MSIL to native code during the execution. This protects a variety of network bandwidths and improves overall performance.

Now, which code should we cache, when should we cache, and where?

ASP.Net has a full-featured engine dedicated to caching. It has features such as time dependency, file and key dependency, expiration, data scavenging, etc. We would not go into these details in this article. We need to understand that we can cache our pages and data in two locations to improve the performance of our ASP.Net application. The first location is the Page Cache section residing in the ASP.Net server. This store page output caches and page fragment caches, basically ASPX pages. Whenever a mostly static page is requested, a copy of the generated native code is stored in the Page Cache section. This saves the JIT compilation time during subsequent page requests. The second location is the Data Cache. This stores the data fetched from the data servers or other servers. Storing a copy of this data helps in saving future network calls to the database servers or other third-party servers. A few examples of the data cached are SQL Server data, XML data, JSON data, third-party API responses, etc.

Following are the different types of caching explained in detail:

Page output caching means caching the complete output of the requested web page. Every time a person requests an asp.Net page, the jit compiler compiles the applicable MSIL code and generates the native code output to be sent as a response to the patron. This means the jit compiler has to generate the native code whenever the page is asked. What if the web page is static? What if the web page output is the same after every compilation? We can shop a variety of compilation time and resources if we save the generated local code inside the page cache. The subsequent requests for the identical web page may be fetched from the cache rather. That is termed web page output caching. To obtain web page output caching, we need to specify the output cache directive within the asp.net code with length in seconds.

<%@ OutputCache Duration='1000' VaryByParam='none' %>

We've got visible how to cache a static page. What if the page is dynamic and varies with users? Right here comes web page fragment caching. It permits a developer to cache precise sections of the page. This facilitates while you need to cache the header and the footer, which is normally static for each consumer. To obtain web page fragment caching in asp.net, you must encapsulate the fragment code in a separate user manage. Then add the identical output cache directive in the consumer control. Whilst the person manage is loaded alongside the web page, a replica of it is maintained inside the cache. As a result, all the next references to the identical consumer managed at the same page or a special page would be fetched from the cache.

Data Caching is the mechanism of storing the required facts, which is regularly accessed, in a cache. This will dramatically improve the performance of the utility. This is due to the fact statistics caching saves the database round trip calls, which might be infamous for eating the maximum of the time. While frequently accessed and infrequently modified records are cached, the server fetches the statistics from the cache as opposed to making database calls. This may also prevent a little money as database calls to the cloud-hosted information servers rate you in step with request basis. Data caching in asp.net is a complete-fledged engine in itself. To reap information caching in our asp internet page, we want to use the cache item.

Label1.Text= Cache["ProductName"].ToString();

Having understood the caching process in ASP.Net, let us look at some practical examples where caching is implemented in real-time scenarios.

There is an informative page, which generates reports based on the data in the database. The database tables are refreshed every few hours.

Page Output Caching can be used in such a scenario with a duration of the cache set to match the frequency of the data refresh job.

There is a page that shows several tables and data which constantly change. However, the legends and the explanation of the data remain the same.

Page Fragment Caching can be used to cache the static legend and explanation data only.

There is a user dashboard that is user-customized and generates graphs and charts on user requests. The data used to generate the graphs and charts changes infrequently.

Data Caching can be used to cache the data and dynamically generate user-requested charts and graphs.

Today start discussion Caching in ASP.NET.

Caching In ASP.NET

AJAX in ASP.NET is known as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It is all about updating the functions of a web page, without loading it every time we open the webpage. It is a technique used to create very fast and dynamic web pages.

Ajax in ASP.NET is majorly used when the user is having dynamic content and has to be reloaded multiple times after the changes have been done. This technology also speeds up the response time of the page. It also has a user-friendly interface and interactive web pages.

AJAX is the advanced version of the static pages that were used for a long time. AJAX is built for dynamic nature and a user-friendly environment. AJAX in ASP.NET works like the below-listed points.

The XMLHTTPRequest object is created from the browser and sent to the server-side.

The server will process the request sent by the browser and will send the data back to the browser with the requested detail.

The browser will process the data and update the content on the page.

Once the content is updated the user can view the data on the screen.

Here are some examples that are explained below:

In this example, the button is created but the action will not be performed when we click the button.

<h2> Let’s take examples on buttons</h2>

<button type=”button” > Click on this button </button>

In this example, by clicking on the button you need to redirect it to some other page, we can see how we can take action.

<p>Let’s see what the user is typing.</p>

var obj = document.getElementById("textbox").value;

document.getElementById("text").innerHTML = "The letters you are typing: " + obj;

In this example, we will discuss how to perform the load function in ajax.

<button type="button" onclick="load('ajax_load_GET.asp', loadfunction)">Click on this button

xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {

if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {

document.getElementById("Demonstration").innerHTML =

After clicking on the button the content of the asp file will get printed on the screen. There are two methods to retrieve the information i.e. GET and POST methods.

<h3> This example is for POST method </h3>

<button type="button" onclick="loadPOST()">Click on this button</button>

document.getElementById("Demonstration").innerHTML = this.responseText;

xmlhttp.open("POST", “ajax_load_POST.asp”, true);

Below listed are a few important features of AJAX in ASP.NET

User-Friendly: This is one of the main features in Ajax where the user interface of the webpage is so flexible and comfortable for the user to use the page as he must have to fill in all the details required.

Web page faster: This feature in AJAX is the primary one as it has been built for the same. This feature allows the webpage to create the request and the server response time within seconds. These features also make the webpage reload faster than the usual ones. We don’t have to reload the whole page all the time only the specific part has to be reloaded if it has been changed.

Server Independent technology: AJAX in asp.net can be used irrespective of any programming language like JavaScript, PHP, etc. Many languages support AJAX and its characteristics and features.

Performance: It is mainly used for the performance and speed of a webpage. The time taken from creating the XMLHTTP request to getting the data response back from the server is quick while using AJAX. So one of the major factors is used for performance basis on a webpage.

Support Browsers: AJAX is primarily used because it supports almost all the browsers used in the market. Apart from the concept that creates the XMLHTTP object, the processing will be the same for all the web browsers because JavaScript language is used in most web applications.

Ajax in ASP.NET

Label control is used to show the text on the web web page. This label manipulate is used together with different controls like textboxes. It’s very common wherein the label is used with a textbox. Labels typically assist the user to offer the facts inside the text bins by the written indications. Labels are server-facet controls. We can show the text in label control via placing the text via textual content property. By way of changing its label manipulate residences, we can exchange the label controls style or look and sense. So we can personalize it as in step with our necessities.

< asp:LabelID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Label" ></asp:Label>

Let us see how exactly the ASP.NET label works.

Open a visual studio and create a new empty web application.

Now add a new web form, which is there in the solution explorer.

From the toolbox, select the label control to drag it and drop it on the web form.

Set its Text and ID property from the label control.

We need to assign the text in label control to use its text property. by setting the text value in a label text property, the text will be displayed on the label control.

We can change the text of the label using its text property programmatically via writing code on the asp. cs page.

Public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

Protected void page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

Label Control has its properties, which will be used to make it more enhanced.

AccessKey: To add the keyboard shortcut for the label, Accesskey is used.

TabIndex: It determines the index of tab control for the webserver.

BackColor: To enhance the look and make it with different colors, we can use this property so that it will help to change the background color of the label.

BorderColor: If we want to set the color for the label border, we can use this property.

BorderWidth: This property will allow us to set a particular width for the label border.

Font: We need to set the font for the text of the label then we can use this property.

Forecolor: It is used to set the color for the label text.

Text: Text, which needs to be displayed for the label, is used by this property.

ToolTip: It provides the text to be displayed when we try to put the mouse over a label.

Visible: It will allow us to set the visibility of the control on the web form.

Height: It provides us to set the height of the label control.

AutoSize: If we need to resize the label control automatically, it will allow us to set the value for it.

BorderStyle: We can design the border of the label control as per the application requirement.

flat style: It deals with the flat style appearance for the label control.

Font: It will determine the font for the text of label control. It will set the value for it.

TabStop: If the user can use the tab to the label control, then this property determines the value for it.

TextAlign: It will provide the alignment for the text in the label control.

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="WebControls.aspx.cs"

Inherits="WebFormsControlls.WebControls" %>

<h4>Fill the Employee ID in below text box:</h4>

<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Employee ID"></asp:Label></td>

<asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server" CssClass="auto-style2"></asp:TextBox></td>

<asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Upload a File"></asp:Label></td>

<asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" /></td>

Explanation of the above code: We can see in the above code that asp gives its tag to use it as a label.<asp:Label ID =Label1> determines its id. Run at is always set to be “Server” as this is server-side control. We have added 2 labels here having the text as Employee ID and upload file. We can use this Label Control Method.

GetPreferredSize: It is used to retrieve the rectangular area’s size into which a control can be fitted.

Refresh: It will immediately redraw itself and any dependent control if any. Also, force to control to invalidate its client area.

Show: It will display the control to the user.

ToString: It will return the string, which is having the name of the control.

AutoSizeChanged: When the value of AutoSize Property changes this occurs.

Click: When we click the Label Control, this is used.

DoubleClick: When label control is double-clicked this occurs.

In this blog, we will discuss ASP.NET Label

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