Backend is a technical term that is used by computer professionals and coders. Basically, the backend is the programmer’s code that deals with server-side operations, including CRUD functions with database and all server logic.

The majority of operating syntax and data is backlogged and obtained in the backend of any application. Users can’t access the backend of any computer application.

Top 10 Backend Technologies You Should Know

Here we are going to discuss one of the best leading backend technologies. Each server-side technology has its core features and limitations. It is crucial to decide which one is suitable according to the requirements of your project.

Here's is an overview of Backend's programming languages

For the last eight years, JavaScript has consecutively won the first position as the most commonly used programming technology in Stack Overflow Annual Surveys.

The Developer Survey of Stack Overflow also presents that 69.7% of professional developers (47,184 responders participated) voted in favor of JavaScript as the most popular technology.

With the assistance of Node.js, you can execute server-side operations under JavaScript programming technology. But it is also essential to understand that Node.js works as a platform and mostly uses Express.js as its server-side framework.

In simple words, Express.js is an open-source backend framework for Node.js. Using frameworks streamlines application development, and improves the general user experience.

Express.js in conjunction with Node.js uses JavaScript as both front and backend language. It also develops application programming interfaces (APIs) for web, mobile, hybrid, single and multi-page applications. 

Speedy Development: JavaScript allows developers to use it as both front and backend technology. That’s why it is quick and easier to produce both mobile and web applications with this scripting language

Less Overhead: This backend technology helps with its built-in features for DOM access and hoop etc. This leads to fewer scripting overheads and improves performance.

Minimalist Backend Technology: JavaScript’s backend platform like Express.js offers Express middleware modules to figure out different development challenges. These middleware packages consist of HTTP request logger, error handling, security headers and POST data functions. Moreover, JavaScript also an undoctrinaire framework which works without stringent regulations. Developers can use middleware of their choice without any restriction.

Reduce Expenses: JavaScript backend scripting performs in a very efficient manner. The same language is used for producing software’s front and server-side coding. That’s why it becomes easy to handle in terms of effort and budget.

Open-Source Community: The scope of improvement becomes lesser without community contribution and feedback. Luckily, JavaScript is an open-source community and backend engineers always have the chance to be reviewed. Such reviews also lead to an improvement in your backend coding.

I/O Request Handling: Express.js in conjunction with Node.js, has enough power to handle thousands of notifications and I/O requests from application users.

It isn’t easy to understand the event-driven nature of JavaScript backends. Especially developers who work with other coding languages misread the callbacks and draft entire code in callbacks. However, this problem is rare in the latest versions.

Programmers usually misinterpret the concept of middleware while using JavaScript server-side programming.

It is also hard to host backend frameworks of JavaScript with MySQL databases.

Few backend engineers also complain against the unopinionated nature of JavaScript backend technologies. According to them, standard designing is much better instead of this freedom.

Python is a main universally handy programming language made by a Dutch software engineer Guido van Rossum in 1991. With center skill of succinct and discernible codes, Python upholds backend developers to compose reasonable and unequivocal contents. 

As indicated by the 2020 Developer Survey of Stack Overflow, it is the most needed back-end innovation that designers need to learn. Indeed, it is the fourth year straight where designers need to learn Python as a need. 

It keeps up with the third situation among the most adored programming innovations too.

Easy to Understand & Code: The core competency of Python is its readability feature. Actually, Python’s precise scripting makes it easy to understand and code for both newbies and programmers. Sometimes, it also seems like the English sentences. 

Extensive Libraries: The backend programming technology downloads extensive libraries. These libraries include codes for unit-testing, databases, regular expressions, browsing, and email, etc. In short, with the support of extensive libraries, backend engineers don’t have to write each code manually.

Affordable: Python is open-source and free. That is why developers and companies have the chance to use free extensive libraries and other sources for their projects. 

IoT Opportunities: With the help of Python’s modern programming features, you can build physical projects on Raspberry Pi. 

Embeddable: It is easy to insert your Python code in the source code of languages like C++. However, the coder shouldn’t forget the Write Once Run Anywhere (WORA) rule here. 

Any interruption in Python’s coding can lead to slow execution. It can badly affect the speed of the project as well. 

As compared to other backend technologies, the database access layers of Python are not fully developed.

Python also needs additional testing to detect bugs and other errors.

It depends on third-party libraries and frameworks.

Ruby is another open-source backend innovation that was planned by Japanese PC researcher Yukihiro Matsumoto during the 1990s. This scripting language has similarities with Python, Java, and Perl.

Ruby is normally utilized for the improvement of web applications and is viewed as the top choice for prototyping. 

Tech businesses like Esty, Airbnb, and Shopify are utilizing Ruby as backend prearranging innovation because of its item situated, versatility, and adaptable programming highlights.

Productive: Due to short readable code and 3rd party libraries’ availability, Ruby is a very product backend technology. Developers typically need fewer separate documentation with Ruby. It allows backend technologies to use already available projects.

Metaprogramming: Ruby also backs metaprogramming. In metaprogramming, the developer scripts code in Ruby, and the program presents the other code itself. With flexible tools like ghost methods, introspection, and macros, it is convenient to script in a short duration.

Libraries: Ruby offers 3rd party modules. You can find all of its libraries at RubyGems.

Testing: Ruby backend technology is also worth-using for the development of high-quality projects. These are testing automation features and valuable libraries of Ruby that make it happen. 

Fast & Stable: Compared to other backend scripting languages, Ruby takes 40% less time in developing a code. It is also quick for making requests and further processing steps. In the same token, Ruby is also more resilient due to its object-oriented characteristics. 

The runtime speed of Ruby is slow as compared to other scripting languages.

Although Ruby is an open-source community but unluckily, it doesn’t have enough libraries and sources. 

As compared to other programming languages, Ruby is new and functions with its own code. It is hard for other backend technologists to learn it.

It is challenging to debug a code written in Ruby.

PHP is a main server-side prearranging innovation that was presented by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. This open-source backend innovation is normally utilized for sites. Around 79.1% of sites on the web use PHP as server-side innovation, as indicated by a new review of W3Techs. 

This universally useful prearranging language is not difficult to utilize and improve data in the data sets. The accessibility of a few current systems, enormous local area, powerful codebase, and simple arrangement additionally increases the value of this innovation. 

It is smarter to utilize PHP along with MySQL and Linux Apache.

Open Source & Platform Independent: A variety of free PHP libraries are available on the web. Coders can use them for fast backend development. Though operating systems like Windows, Linux, etc., primarily support PHP, but you can also run PHP web applications on any platform. 

This guide will share the top 10 backend technologies, features, limitations, and further details comprehensively.

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