The std:: swap() function swaps or exchanges the values of two variables or containers. The std::swap() function is a built-in function in the C++ STL (Standard Template Library).

template < class T > void swap(T& a, T& b);

Where a is the first variable that stores some value and b is also a variable that stores some value, both a and b values are to swap. The function does not return anything it only swaps the values of a and b variables.

Implementation of swap( ) function in C++ SLT Lets see the C++11 implantation of std::swap is an improvement over C++03 as below:

Template < template T> void swap( T& a, T& b ) {

T temp = std::move( a );   a = std::move(b);       b = std::move(temp);

Explanation: The T temp = std::move( a ); statement duplicate a and create copy of a element. The statement a = std:: move(b);  store a with a duplicate of b and discard the original contents of a. the statement b = std:: move(temp); store a with a duplicate of temp and discard the duplicate contents of temp. once the execution of the swap( ) function finishes destroy the temp variable.

Examples to Implement Swap( ) function in c++

Swap( ) function to swap two integer numbers as below:

cout<< "Value of a before swap function call = " << a <<endl;

cout<< "Value of b before swap function call = " << b <<endl;

cout<< "Value of a after swap function call = " << a <<endl;

cout<< "Value of b after swap function call = " << b <<endl;

Next, we apply the swap( ) function on string data types to swap, so we will call the swap( ) function and pass string variables:

Next, we rewrite the above code without using the std namespace as below:

std::cout<< "Value of a before swap function call = " << a << std::endl;

std::cout<< "Value of b before swap function call = " << b << std::endl;

std::cout<< "Value of a after swap function call = " << a << std::endl;

std::cout<< "Value of b after swap function call = " << b << std::endl;

swap( ) function and pass vectors variables:

// create two vector v1 and v2, where v1 = 3x10 and v2 = 6x20

cout << "V1 elements before swap function call = " ;

for (vector <int>::iterator it = v1.begin(); it! = v1.end(); it++)

cout << "V1 elements after swap function call = " ;

In this blog, we will discuss the works of  swap() in C++

Works of swap() in C++

Ceil is a characteristic that provides the next feasible extra than or an equal integer number as output to a random range supplied because the enter inside the shape of a parameter. This feature is commonly described under the library: <cmath>. This characteristic represents the higher restriction. In many situations, we need to achieve the upper and lower limits of a feature or fee which can be without problems performed with the aid of making use of this function.

This ceil function is a default function available in the standard library. The syntax of ceil is similar to being like a simple function. There would be a parameter value that is passed inside the ceil function to get the lowest possible value which is greater than or equal to the parametric value.

Data_type ceil(data_type variable_number);

It takes a single parameter value as its argument and returns an integer value. In general, many functions are present which makes many problem statements easier to solve. One of the functions is “Ceil”.

And, in general, the ceil function is used in parallel with the floor function. These functions precisely give the integer value concerning the lower and higher value for the floating-point number given in the parameter.

Let us see different examples in getting to know the ”ceil” functions:

cout<<"The ceil function value of folating point number x is: "<<y;

Now, let us see an example for the integer value in the parameter.

cout<<"The ceil function value of integer point number x is: "<<y;

Below, let us have an example for both ceil and floor functions.

cout<<"The ceil function value of integer point number x is: "<<y<<endl;

cout<<"The floor function value of integer point number x is: "<<z;

We use the data type as integer instead of float.

Now, to provide the ceiling value for the integer numbers, instead of using the data type “int”, we can use “double”.

Here, let us check an example of the negative input values.

Today we will discuss Examples of ceil function in C++

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