I just finished a phone interview. The interviewer asked me a question:

Tell me about what happen about IP packet go through router.

It's been long time since I study networking. And I just say something about router transmission list and there are several router protocols such as OSPF etc. . that's it. Could anybody give a good answer to this? or lead me check some resources?

about IP packet through router

I am trying to setup firewall outbound rules to allow access to google cloud platform. What is the IP range of google cloud platform?  

Google Cloud Platform IP ranges

I met a question on the CCNA exam which I got wrong and even though I found it on different websites with a few explanations available, I'm still confused about it.

The question is about what arp entry will a host have in its arp table after a successful ping to a another host on a different router. Now, through all my CCNA studies so far I've always been taught that the IP source and destination addresses do not change in the packet during the routing process, but only the MAC source and destination addresses change. However, the correct answer was indicating that both the IP and MAC addresses of the gateway were present in the arp table of the sending host, and no sign of host B.

This got me confused. And if this is the case, how will the default-gateway router know the destination IP of the other host? It's probably just a tricky question but still... Any clear thoughts on that?

CCNA IP routing - arp issue

I am new to GNS3 and Cisco's Packet Tracer. Besides using GNS3 to simulate complex networks, practice using it for the CCNA exam, and using Dynamips emulation software to simulate Cisco IOS, how is it used in the real world by big companies and corporations?

What can GNS3 and Packet Tracer be used for besides simulations?

Thru my research on CCNP course, while sniffing EIgrp packets, I noticed that packets have IP TTL of two. I additionally validated this for rip. OSPF doesn't have this assets when you consider that it's link state.

Why does the EIGRP and rip have IP TTL of 2?

I already asked one CCIE man or woman, however he did not know.

I came to trust that this could have something to do with frame relay hub&spoke topologies. For example hub routing EIGRP multicasts from one spoke to every other (assuming subinterfaces)?

Why is EIGRP and RIP uses IP TTL of 2 (CISCO)?

I am looking for a command line answer that could go back me the number one (first) IP cope with of the localhost, other than 127.0.0.1 

The solution should work at least for Linux (Debian and RedHat) and OS X 10.7+

I am conscious that ifconfig is to be had on both however its output isn't so consistent among these platforms.

How to get the primary IP address of the local machine on Linux and OS X?

In an html5 internet app, I am building a feature that is predicated on customer-to-patron communication (with pusher). It's made of Hypertext Preprocessor at the server-side and javascript with Vue on the patron side.

The typical situation is: a window popup is opened, and from there it communicates at once with some different home windows opened into every other browser at the identical pc. Shall we say you've got 2 browsers established, you open the internet app popup with firefox and it communicates with its net app sister web page you probably did open previously into chrome?

The best (half of-)way we've got found up to now is to apply the general public IP address to build a private channel named with the IP deal with… it is primary and efficient.

However, if there may be more than 1 computer linked to the same router, all of them will proportion the identical public IP, and that is where things come to be hard!

A solution might be to feature the PC's neighborhood IP to the channel name (that changed into already constructed with the general public IP), however, regardless of a few high-quality workarounds I found to get this info from an initiated rtc connection, this appears pretty unreliable and regularly goes towards browsers privacy guidelines…

Glaringly, I can not use session data with the personal home page at the server aspect, nor cookies / local garage on the customer-facet, as all those answers are tightly coupled with the browser itself (thank god chrome might not percentage its cookies with firefox for your laptop). Those answers would be best (and no want for a pusher) if we had been using 1 single browser, but we want to address multiple browsers at the same system.

That's in which I wonder if everybody might have already handled this design task and shared some hints, it'd be remarkable!

Challenge to uniquely identify a computer from any of its browsers

In this query why do we subtract 2 from 2^three whilst calculating some subnets? Whilst in CCNA books 2 isn't always subtracted?

When you want to Subnet the Class B 172.16.0.0 to a / 19 subnet, you add 3 bits to the default Class B netmask (which is /16)

The number of subnet available is 2^3 = 8 Subnets.

Concerning the number of Hosts you can have per subnet, it is 2^13-2 The number 13 comes from 32 (number of bit in a netmask) - (number of bits affected to the MASK part 19)

You substract 2 for each subnet because the first host and the last host are reserved for Network and Broadcast address.

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