Java database connectivity (JDBC) is the JavaSoft specification of a trendy application programming interface (API) that permits java applications to get entry to database management structures. The JDBC API consists of a set of interfaces and classes written within the Java programming language.

With the use of those popular interfaces and training, programmers can write programs that hook up with databases, ship queries written in based question language (square), and system the consequences.

Because JDBC is a trendy specification, one java program that makes use of the JDBC API can connect with any database management gadget (DBMS), so long as a driving force exists for that particular DBMS.

The JDBC connection properties look as follows:

JDBC URL	jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orclpdb1

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle12cDialect

And, if you want to connect using a JDBC DataSource, this is what you need to use:

OracleDataSource dataSource = new OracleDataSource();

dataSource.setDatabaseName("high_performance_java_persistence");

dataSource.setURL("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521/orclpdb1");

JDBC URL	jdbc:mysql://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect

MysqlDataSource dataSource = new MysqlDataSource();

    "jdbc:mysql://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence"

JDBC URL	jdbc:postgresql://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL95Dialect

PGSimpleDataSource dataSource = new PGSimpleDataSource();

JDBC Driver	com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

JDBC URL	jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;instance=SQLEXPRESS;databaseName=high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect

SQLServerDataSource dataSource = new SQLServerDataSource();

    "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost;instance=SQLEXPRESS;" +

    "databaseName=high_performance_java_persistence;"

JDBC URL	jdbc:mariadb://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDB53Dialect

JDBC URL	jdbc:db2://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect

JDBC URL	jdbc:sap://localhost/high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.HANAColumnStoreDialect

JDBC URL	jdbc:informix-sqli://localhost:9088/sysuser:INFORMIXSERVER=hpjp

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.InformixDialect

JDBC URL	jdbc:hsqldb:mem:high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect

JDBCDataSource dataSource = new JDBCDataSource();

dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test");

JDBC URL	jdbc:h2:mem:high_performance_java_persistence

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

JDBC Driver	org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver

JDBC URL	jdbc:derby:target/tmp/derby/hpjp;databaseName=high_performance_java_persistence;create=true

Hibernate Dialect	org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyTenSevenDialect

In this blog, we will discuss JDBC Driver Connection URL strings

JDBC Driver Connection URL strings

A JDBC driver is a software component enabling a Java application to interact with a database. JDBC drivers are analogous to ODBC drivers, ADO.NET data providers, and OLE DB providers. To connect with individual databases, JDBC (the Java Database Connectivity API) requires drivers for each database.

Since September 2019, the Oracle JDBC Driver is available on Maven Central.

For Java 11 and newer version, use the following Maven dependency:

    <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>

For Java 8, use the ojdbc8 artifact instead:

For Java 6, use the ojdbc6 artifact instead:

For more details about the proper version to use, check out the following Maven Central link.

The MySQL Driver is available on Maven Central, so just add the following dependency to your pom.xml file:

    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

    <version>${mysql.version}</version>       

Use this Maven Central link to get the latest artifact version for the MySQL JDBC Driver.

The PostgreSQL Driver is available on Maven Central, so us the following dependency:

    <version>${postgresql.version}</version>

This Maven Central link will tell you which is the latest version of the PostgreSQL JDBC artifact.

While many years ago, the official Microsoft SQL Server JDBC Driver was in a bad shape, to the extent that the Java community created the jTDS open-source JDBC Driver, nowadays, the SQL Server JDBC Driver is open-source and available on both GitHub and Maven Central:

    <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>

To get the latest version of the SQL Server JDBC Driver, use this Maven Central query link.

You can get the Db2 JDBC Driver either from the IBM website and install it to your local Maven repository, or get it from Maven Central.

    <version>${db2.version}</version>               

To get the latest version of the Db2 JDBC Driver, use this Maven Central query link.

You can get the MariaDB JDBC Driver from Maven Central using the following dependency:

    <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>

    <version>${mariadb.version}</version>               

Use this Maven Central link to get the latest artifact version for the MariaDB JDBC Driver.

To get the SAP HANA JDBC driver from Maven central using the following dependency.

Afterward, use the following Maven dependency:

    <groupId>com.sap.cloud.db.jdbc</groupId>

    <version>${hana.version}</version>               

Since 2017, the Informix JDBC Driver is available on Maven Central. Use the following Maven dependency to get it:

    <version>${informix.version}</version>

This Maven Central query link will provide you with the latest version of the Informix JDBC Driver.

Jaybird is the JDBC Driver for Firebird, and you can get it from Maven Central like this:

    <groupId>org.firebirdsql.jdbc</groupId>

    <version>${jaybird.version}</version>

To get the latest version of the Firebird JDBC Driver, use this Maven Central query link.

You can get the HyperSQL JDBC Driver using the following Maven dependency:

Use this Maven Central link to get the latest artifact version for the HSQLDB JDBC Driver.

Let's start the discussion with JDBC Driver Maven dependency list

JDBC Driver Maven dependency list

In case you are questioning why and while you ought to use JPA or hibernate, then this newsletter goes to offer you an answer to this very common question. Due to the fact I’ve visible, this question asked very frequently at the /r/java Reddit channel, I decided that it’s worth writing an in-intensity answer approximately the strengths and weaknesses of JPA and hibernate.

Although JPA has been fashionable because it became first launched in 2006, it’s no longer the most effective way you could enforce a records get right of entry to layer the use of java. We're going to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the use of JPA or some other famous alternatives.

In 1997, Java 1.1 introduced the JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API, which was very revolutionary for its time since it was offering the possibility of writing the data access layer once using a set of interfaces and running it on any relational database that implements the JDBC API without needing to change your application code.

The JDBC API offered a Connection interface to control the transaction boundaries and create simple SQL statements via the Statement API or prepared statements that allow you to bind parameter values via the PreparedStatement API.

So, assuming we have a post database table and we want to insert 100 rows, here’s how we could achieve this goal with JDBC:

try (PreparedStatement postStatement = connection.prepareStatement("""

    for (int i = 1; i <= postCount; i++) {

            postStatement.executeBatch();

                "High-Performance Java Persistence, review no. %1$d",

Even as we took the benefit of multi-line textual content blocks and try-with-assets blocks to cast off the prepared statement near the name, the implementation continues to be very verbose. Observe that the bind parameters start from 1, not zero as you might be used to from different famous APIs.

To fetch the first 10 rows, we may want to want to run an sq. Query thru the prepared statement, to be able to return a resultset representing the desk-based query result. However, since applications use hierarchical structures, like JSON or DTOs to represent parent-child associations, most applications needed to transform the JDBC ResultSet to a different format in the data access layer, as illustrated by the following example:

try (PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("""

    preparedStatement.setInt(1, maxResults);

    try (ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {

                    .setId(resultSet.getLong(++index))

                    .setTitle(resultSet.getString(++index))

Again, this is the nicest way we could write this with JDBC as we’re using Text Blocks, try-with-resources, and a Fluent-style API to build the Post objects.

Nevertheless, the JDBC API is still very verbose and, more importantly, lacks many features that are required when implementing a modern data access layer, like:

A way to fetch objects directly from the query result set. As we have seen in the example above, we need to iterate the ReusltSet and extract the column values to set the Post object properties.

A transparent way to batch statements without having to rewrite the data access code when switching from the default non-batching mode to using batching.

A pagination API that hides the underlying database-specific Top-N and Next-N query syntax

In 1999, Sun released J2EE (Java Enterprise Edition), which offered an alternative to JDBC, called Entity Beans.

However, in view that entity beans had been notoriously slow, overcomplicated, and cumbersome to apply, in 2001, Gavin king decided to create an ORM framework that would map database tables to POJOs (undeniable vintage java objects), and that’s how to hibernate become born.

Being extra light-weight than entity beans and much less verbose than JDBC, hibernate grew an increasing number of famous, and it soon became the most popular java staying power framework, triumphing overdo, iBatis, oracle TopLink, and apache cayenne.

Getting to know from the hibernate venture success, the java ee platform decided to standardize the way hibernate and oracle TopLink, and that’s how JPA  turned into born.

Jpa is the simplest specification and cannot be used on its personal, providing the most effective set of interfaces that outline the same old staying power API, that's applied by using a JPA provider, like hibernate, EclipseLink, or open JPA.

Today we will discuss - why and when you should use JPA?

Why and when you should use JPA?

Considering we have a Book entity that defines a properties attribute that is associated with a JSON column in the database.

The Book entity can be mapped as follows:

    //Getters and setters omitted for brevity

Persisting and fetching the Book entity:-

Now, let’s assume we have added the following Book entity in our database:

        "   "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence"," +

        "   "author": "Vlad Mihalcea"," +

When persisting the Book entity, Hibernate will issue the proper SQL INSERT statement:

        "title":"High-Performance Java Persistence",

Now, we fetching the Book entity by its natural identifier, we can see that the properties JSON attribute is fetched as a JsonNode:

    book.getProperties().get("title").asText()

Now, if we want to fetch the properties entity attribute using JPQL, we can execute the following query:

    "where b.isbn = :isbn", JsonNode.class)

And everything works properly since the JPQL query is parsed and the underlying Hibernate Type that handles the properties attribute is going to be known when building the result.

Fetching the JSON attribute using native SQL:-

However, if we try to do the same using a native SQL query:

JsonNode properties = (JsonNode) entityManager

Hibernate will throw the following MappingException:

javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.MappingException: No Dialect mapping for JDBC type: 1111

The 1111 JDBC type corresponds to Types.OTHER is what the PostgreSQL JDBC Driver uses for JSON column types.

Mapping Types.OTHER to JsonNodeBinaryType:-

How to fix the Hibernate “No Dialect mapping for JDBC type” issue

error when run main methode in line StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();

package hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;

public class StoreData {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
        Metadata meta = new MetadataSources(ssr).getMetadataBuilder().build();

        SessionFactory factory = meta.getSessionFactoryBuilder().build();
        Session session = factory.openSession();
        Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

        Employee e1 = new Employee();
        e1.setId(1);
        e1.setFirstName("Gaurav");
        e1.setLastName("Chawla");

        session.save(e1);
        t.commit();
        System.out.println("successfully saved");
        factory.close();
        session.close();
    }
}


<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe</property>
        <property name="connection.username">ceid</property>
        <property name="connection.password">2361368</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
        <mapping resource="employee.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>


and another before compile in line table and column in class and property tag

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="hibernate">
    <class name="hibernate.Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="assigned"></generator>
        </id>

        <property name="firstName" column="firstname" type="string"></property>
        <property name="lastName" column="lastname" type="string"></property>

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>


package hibernate;

public class Employee {
    private int id;
    private String firstName, lastName;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}


and my database is oracle 11.2 xe and table is

  CREATE TABLE "CEID"."EMPLOYEE" 
   (    "ID" NUMBER(*,0), 
    "FIRSTNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 
    "LASTNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
   )


this example from https://www.javatpoint.com/example-to-create-hibernate-application-in-eclipse-ide

Sep 11, 2021 6:02:40 PM org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.1.Final}
Sep 11, 2021 6:02:40 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.internal.util.config.ConfigurationException: Could not locate cfg.xml resource [hibernate.cfg.xml]
    at org.hibernate.boot.cfgxml.internal.ConfigLoader.loadConfigXmlResource(ConfigLoader.java:53)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.configure(StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.java:165)
    at hibernate.StoreData.main(StoreData.java:14)

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Trending Blogposts on jdbc

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openerror in hibernate java (StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.java:165)

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