Linux is the best-known and most-used open-source operating system. As an operating system, Linux is software that sits underneath all of the other software on a computer, receiving requests from those programs and relaying these requests to the computer’s hardware.

You probably already use Linux, whether you know it or not. Depending on which user survey you look at, between one- and two-thirds of the web pages on the Internet are generated by servers running Linux.

Companies and individuals choose Linux for their servers because it's secure, flexible, and you can receive excellent support from a large community of users, in addition to companies like Canonical, SUSE, and Red Hat, each of which offers commercial support.

Many devices you probably own, such as Android phones and tablets and Chromebooks, digital storage devices, personal video recorders, cameras, wearables, and more, also run Linux. Your car has Linux running under the hood. Even Microsoft Windows features Linux components, as part of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).

There are many reasons why Linux should be preferred over proprietary software platforms such as Windows and Mac. But here, we are listing the top ten reasons to give you a clear picture.

Installing and using Linux on your system is the easiest way to avoid viruses and malware. The security aspect was kept in mind when developing Linux and it is much less vulnerable to viruses compared to Windows.

Programs cannot make changes to the system settings and configuration unless the user is logged in as the root (equivalent to the administrator user in Windows) user. Most users do not log in as the root; hence, they cannot do much damage to the system, except to their files and programs, since the downloaded file/malware will have limited privileges. You can browse the Internet without worrying about your system getting infected. However, users can install ClamAV antivirus software in Linux to further secure their systems.

The reason for this higher level of security is that since Linux is open-source software, the source code is available for review. A huge number of developers all over the world have gone through the code, which means that most of the flaws have already been discovered.

The Linux system is very stable and is not prone to crashes. The Linux OS runs exactly as fast as it did when first installed, even after several years. Most of us must have experienced how a freshly installed Windows system runs extremely fast and the same system becomes slow after around six months to one year. Then, your only option most of the time is to reinstall the OS and all the other software.

The uptime for the Linux servers is very high and the availability is around 99.9 percent. Unlike Windows, you need not reboot a Linux server after every update or patch. Due to this, Linux has the highest number of servers running on the Internet. According to an article on the ZDNet website, 96.3 percent of the top 1 million Web servers are running on Linux. Twenty-three out of the Top twenty-five websites run on Linux. The two remaining websites in the top twenty-five are live.com and bing.com, which belong to Microsoft!

Maintaining the Linux OS is easy, as the user can centrally update the OS and all software installed very easily. All the variants of Linux have their central software repository, which is used to update the system and keep it safe. They offer regular updates and the system can be updated without rebooting it. The updating can be done periodically, with just a few clicks, or users can even automate the updating process. Updating a Windows system is not so easy compared to a Linux system. Also, in Windows, all the third-party software like Acrobat Reader and Firefox have to be updated individually.

All of us know that with every new release of Windows OS, a huge number of hardware systems become obsolete as their technical specifications are no longer adequate to run the latest Windows OS. Linux makes very efficient use of the system’s resources. Linux installation can be customized for users and specific hardware requirements. The installation procedure is very flexible and allows users to choose the modules they want to install. This allows them to install Linux even on old hardware, thus helping in optimal use of all the hardware resources.

Linux runs on a range of hardware, right from supercomputers to watches. You can give new life to your old and slow Windows system by installing a lightweight Linux system or even running a NAS or media streamer using a particular distribution of Linux. There are also lightweight desktops like Xfce and LXDE which can run on lower-end PCs.

Linux is completely free and users do not need to pay for anything. All the basic software required by a typical user and even an advanced user are available. Dozens of educational software are available under Linux. Even the equivalent of professional software for desktop publishing, photo editing, audio editing, and video editing are available. Businesses can use the software free of cost and reduce their IT budgets substantially.

Linux is also distributed under an open-source license. Open source follows these key tenants:

The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.

The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish.

The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.

These points are crucial to understanding the community that works together to create the Linux platform. Without a doubt, Linux is an operating system that is ? by the people, for the people?. These tenants are also the main factor in why many people choose Linux. It's about freedom and freedom of use and freedom of choice.

If you’re looking for one of the most reliable, secure, and dependable platforms for both the desktop and the server, look no further than one of the many Linux distributions. With Linux you can assure your desktops will be free of trouble, your servers up, and your support requests minimal.

In this article, we will know about Linux Administration

About Linux

A Linux distribution is made from a software assemblage, consisting of a Linux kernel and a package dealing with the device. In easy phrases, the Linux distro combines the Linux kernel and to be had open-source software, to create a whole package deal. To install Linux, we need to select a distribution. Linux users normally get their os with the aid of downloading one of the Linux distributions.

A standard Linux distribution includes a Linux kernel, gnu libraries and gear, and further software programs. Usually, the software used is a loose software program, available in source code shape in addition to compiled binaries form, to make it easy to adjust the original software. There are around six hundred Linux distributions, with an extra than 500 in lively development. Because of the huge range of distributions available, numerous paperwork have emerged with their suitability differing from computer systems to tablets.

We have commercially assisted distributions, such as Fedora, Ubuntu, and OpenSUSE, and also utterly community-driven distributions, such as Debian, Gentoo, Slackware, and Arch Linux. Let us look at a few of them in detail.

Ubuntu is famous and is amongst the leading Linux distributions. For using ubuntu, we do no longer need to be technically sound, that's why it is extremely famous and additionally, the suitable area to begin experimenting with Linux. Ubuntu is primarily based on Debian, but it comprises its very own software repositories. It changed into previously strolling on the gnome 2 computer surroundings, however now it has its consumer interface known as team spirit.

Ubuntu offers a smooth installation process, with the installer speaking in any essential language required. We've got the choice of demoing ubuntu, before putting it in it. Ubuntu installer comes with a hardware detector, main to easy driving force installation. This hardware detector enables in detecting, downloading, and putting in the most effective drivers needed for our computer. Furthermore, the setup comes with fundamental software like track and a video player, an office suite, and some games. Ubuntu gives releases every six months and has outstanding documentation and community assistance.

Debian is an OS, comprising free and open-source software. In 1993, Ian Murdock declared a new Linux distribution to be developed with the GNU viewpoint. He gave this distribution the name Debian, which was a combination of his name and his girlfriend’s name Debra. Originally started as a small project, Debian is one of the largest open-source projects today. Since then, Debian has been releasing new versions, but it is much slower than distributions like Linux Mint or Ubuntu which makes it more stable, being ideal for some systems.

Ubuntu was initially founded to take the core parts of the stable version of Debian and improve on them, so that it could be done more quickly with more frequent updates, resulting in a user-friendly system.

Fedora is supported by Red Hat and is the foundation for the commercial project, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Fedora focuses on free software. It uses newer technology and open source packages compared to RHEL. But unlike RHEL, Fedora won’t be supported for long. For a more stable version, Red Hat would prefer us to use their Enterprise product, RHEL.

By default, Fedora has the GNOME 3 desktop environment. Fedora uses upstream software, thereby providing a platform to integrate the software without using customized tools or making their environment desktops or any other software for that matter.

OpenSUSE is a community-driven Linux distribution. It started as a German translation of Slackware distribution but went on to grow into its distribution. As we have seen how the Fedora project has become the foundation for RHEL, similarly, the OpenSUSE project has also become the foundation for an upcoming distribution known as SUSE Enterprise.

OpenSuse is known for its KDE desktop and stability. OpenSuse makes use of Zypper and its graphical frontend, Yast software center for package management. Before Ubuntu, SUSE was considered to be one of the few user-friendly distributions, but eventually, Ubuntu took over.

Linux Mint is a distribution built on top of Ubuntu, which makes use of the software repositories provided by Ubuntu. Initially, Mint was just an alternate option to Ubuntu, as it provided exclusive software and media codecs by default, which Ubuntu did not, but today, Mint has its own identity. Mint uses the traditional Mate or Cinnamon desktop. It has a relaxed approach towards software updates and software updates are not automatically installed. This is also the reason why some people call Mint insecure.

Arch Linux is more traditional compared to most of the other Linux distributions. It is designed to be lightweight and flexible. Arch Linux does not provide graphical benefits and scripts to automate the Linux setup, as it is designed to be simple, which makes us in charge of configuring our system and installing the software properly. The installer opens up a terminal where we run commands to configure and install the OS.

Arch Linux uses a “rolling-release” prototype, which means the entire software is updated over time by itself without needing to manually upgrade. This makes the software being used always up to date. This distribution is ideally designed for developers who know how their system works or are prepared to learn how it works.

Slackware is one of the oldest Linux distributions out there that still maintains and puts out new releases to date. Like Arch, Slackware withholds all redundant graphical tools and automated scripts. By default, it boots to a command-line environment.

Gentoo is founded on the portage package managing system. It is difficult to install and can take up to a few days to finish the installation procedure. One of the major uses of Gentoo Linux is that it is built to be run on a specific type of hardware.

Today in this blog, we will discuss Linux Distributions.

Linux Distributions

Linux and Unix are two operating systems that are widely used in the world of computing. Unix was first developed in the 1960s, while Linux was first introduced in 1991. Here are some key differences between the two:

1.  Licensing: Unix is a proprietary operating system, which means it is owned and licensed by a single company (such as IBM, HP, or Oracle). In contrast, Linux is open source, which means it is free to use, modify, and distribute.

2.  Kernel: Unix uses its own kernel, while Linux uses the Linux kernel.

3.  User interface: Unix traditionally uses a command-line interface, while Linux can be used with a command-line interface or a graphical user interface.

4.  Hardware support: Unix tends to have better support for high-end hardware, while Linux is better suited for a wider range of hardware configurations.

1.  Open source: As an open source operating system, Linux is free to use and modify, and there is a large community of developers constantly improving it.

2.  Stability: Linux is known for being stable and reliable, and it is less prone to crashes and system failures than other operating systems.

3.  Security: Linux has a reputation for being more secure than other operating systems, due in part to its open source nature and the fact that it is less commonly targeted by malware.

1.  Learning curve: Linux can be more difficult to learn than other operating systems, especially for those who are used to Windows or Mac.

2.  Software compatibility: Some software is not compatible with Linux, although there are many open source alternatives available.

1.  Scalability: Unix is highly scalable and can handle large and complex systems with ease.

2.  Reliability: Unix is known for being reliable and stable, and it is often used in mission-critical applications.

3.  Security: Unix is highly secure and is often used in environments where security is a top priority, such as government and financial institutions.

1.  Cost: Unix is a proprietary operating system and can be expensive to license and maintain.

2.  Complexity: Unix can be more complex to configure and manage than other operating systems.

3. Limited hardware support: Unix is often limited to high-end hardware, and it may not be compatible with a wide range of hardware configurations.

Linux system is derived from Unix and it is a continuation of the basis of Unix design. 

What distinguishes Linux from UNIX? The benefits and drawbacks of each operating system (OS)!

When it comes to networking, it's a big word because a network is not a small thing. Today, networks are an integral part of our lives because, to put it simply, they allow two people, cities, computers, or hosts of any kind to communicate with one another without the need for a physical connection. This is where networks come in. 

Nonetheless, we are discussing this subject in light of current technology.

So, in today's technological world, a network needs the assistance of a protocol in order to connect or communicate between two hosts.

Although there are many components to a network, protocol is just one of them. In this blog, we'll talk about network protocol and a few of its fundamental types, along with their corresponding port numbers. 

An established set of guidelines that govern how data is transferred between various devices connected to the same network is known as a network protocol. In essence, it enables interconnected devices to interact with one another despite any variations in their internal workings, organisational structures, or aesthetics. Network protocols are essential to modern digital communications because they make it possible to communicate with people anywhere in the globe.

Whether you wish to study networking or not, you must understand the fundamental kind of network protocol. 

HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Port :- 80)

HTTPS :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (Port :- 443)

SNMP :- Simple Network Management Protocol (Port :- 161)

ICMP :- Internet Control Message Protocol (Port :- 7)

FTP :- File Transfer Protocol (Port :- 20, 21)

Now lets discuss what are the usages of this protocol:-

HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), one of the most well-known protocols, is frequently referred to as the internet's protocol. HTTP is an application layer protocol that enables communication between the browser and server. 

HTTPS :- The secure variant of HTTP is known as Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol. To maintain security, data transferred between the browser and server are encrypted. 

SNMP :- Network device management and monitoring are done using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Administrators can monitor and edit endpoint data using this TCP-based protocol to change how devices behave throughout the network. In SNMP, agents are used to gather data and submit it to a central SMNP manager, who then queries the agents and receives their responses. 

ICMP :- The main function of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is diagnostics. This protocol allows managed devices on the network to transmit error messages that contain details about problems with device connectivity via the network. 

TCP :- Data is divided into packets by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) so that it can be shared over a network. The specified targets can then receive these packets from equipment like switches and routers. 

UDP :- Similar to TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) sends data packets over the network. The main distinction between the two is that whereas UDP does not guarantee a connection between the application and server, TCP does. 

FTP :- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections can be used to send files between computers using the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) network protocol. FTP is regarded as an application layer protocol within the TCP/IP family of protocols. 

A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network

Understand the fundamental types of protocols and their corresponding port numbers for use in networking. 

I want to install syslog-ng on my CentOS Stream 9, can anyone please help me to installing this on my workspace:( 

First you will be need CentOS Stream 9 installed on an x86_64 host

As EPEL is still practically empty, you do not have to enable that to install syslog-ng. Just enable my repo and install the packages you need. Sub-packages automatically install the base syslog-ng package. For example the following commands install syslog-ng together with its http() destination:

wget https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/czanik/syslog-ng-centos9-experiment/repo/centos-stream-9/czanik-syslog-ng-centos9-experiment-centos-stream-9.repo

There is one little problem: log rotation. If you want proper log rotation, remove the rsyslog package which conflicts with the syslog-ng-logrotate package and then install the sub-package for log rotation:

Hey thanks #Amit for your suggestion is it been now installed..

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linux administration

Trending Blogposts on linux administration

About Linux

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What distinguishes Linux from UNIX? The benefits and drawbacks of each operating system (OS)!

Understand the fundamental types of protocols and their corresponding port numbers for use in networking.

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closedHow can I install syslog-ng on CentOS Stream 9?

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