MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Development is led by some of the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition by Oracle Corporation in 2009.

MariaDB is intended to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, ensuring a drop-in replacement capability with library binary parity and exact matching with MySQL APIs and commands. However, new features are diverging. It includes new storage engines like Aria, ColumnStore, and MyRocks.

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.

Key Differences Between MariaDB and MySQL

Let us discuss some of the major key differences between MariaDB vs MySQL:

MariaDB has a GPL license, while MySQL has a dual license.

MariaDB has many storage engines, while MySQL does not have many storage engines.

MariaDB codes are truly open source, but we cannot call MySQL codes as fully open source after the Oracle acquisition.

Test cases are provided for all fixed bugs in MariaDB, but MySQL does not provide test cases.

Client libraries are released under LGPL in MariaDB, while in MySQL, it is released under GPL.

Closed source modules are not present in MariaDB, while in MySQL, closed source modules are present.

JSON files are stored as true text in MariaDB, while in MySQL, they are stored in binary format.

When JSON_SEARCH is done, MariaDB provides a warning while MySQL shows an error for the same.

While doing statements abort, MariaDB kills any queries that come in its way while MySQL stops only SELECTs.

Max_statement_time is defined in seconds in MariaDB, while in MySQL, it is measured in milliseconds.

Oracle provides technical support and training for MySQL, while MariaDB has its support system to help in technicality.

MariaDB accepts contributions from the community, but MySQL has much documentation for the users to contribute bug fixes.

MariaDB supports virtual columns that we cannot find in MySQL. Virtual columns help in doing calculations at the database level.

MariaDB is written in C, C++, Bash, and Perl, while MySQL is written in C and C++.

MariaDB has master-master and master-slave replication, while MySQL has only master-master replication.

The MariaDB Foundation maintains MariaDB documentation, and the public can participate in the documentation. Oracle does MySQL documentation.

The public has no access to MySQL decisions, while MariaDB allows the public for development and bug decisions.

Closed source modules are not found in MariaDB, while in MySQL, closed source modules are found.

Head to Head Comparison between MariaDB and MySQL

The table below summarizes the comparisons between MariaDB vs MySQL:

MariaDB allows linking with closed source software.

MariaDB provides a drop-in replacement for MySQL.

MariaDB does not have a validation password plugin by default.

MariaDB does not support native JSON type but supports text column type.

MySQL protocol is not followed in MariaDB.

MariaDB supports temporary table Space and binary encryption.

The key management plugin of MariaDB is AWS.

MariaDB does not have any schema for the optimization and interpretation of data.

MariaDB has the option of creating invisible columns.

Connection thread pools are present in MariaDB.

The default format of the binary log in MariaDB is mixed.

A binary log can be compressed in MariaDB.

Bug fixes are done more frequently in MariaDB.

Only those tables which are queried will be visible in MariaDB.

Scaling is done in MariaDB with the help of the Columnstore.

Due to data compression, MariaDB shows good performance in storage.

Multiple threads work in parallel, giving better database performance.

Large-sized data can be used easily in MariaDB.

Linking with closed source software is done in MariaDB.

Test cases for all fixed bugs are provided.

Collations are supported more in MariaDB.

Different configurations are available for feature testing in MariaDB.

Testing with the test suite is better in MariaDB.

The memory storage engine is better in MariaDB.

Proprietary code is not accessible in MariaDB.

Secondary database models are Document store and Graph DBMS.

OS X is not supported as a server in MariaDB.

Delphi language is not supported in MariaDB.

Privilege checks are done faster in MariaDB.

MySQL’s performance is not that great when compared with MariaDB.

MySQL does not allow linking with closed source software.

MySQL does not provide a replacement for MariaDB.

MySQL has a validation password plugin by default.

MySQL does not support binary logs or temporary table Space.

The key management plugin of MySQL is available only in Enterprise edition.

MySQL has an SYS schema for the optimization and interpretation of data.

MySQL does not have an option to create invisible columns.

The default format of the MySQL binary log is row-based.

A binary log cannot be compressed in MySQL.

In MySQL, bug fixes are done less frequently.

All the tables will be shown irrespective of the query.

Storage performance is not that great when compared with MariaDB.

Threads do not work in parallel in MySQL.

Large-sized data cannot be used easily in MySQL.

MySQL does not support backward compatibility.

Linking with closed source software is not done in MySQL.

Configurations for feature testing is not available in MySQL.

Testing is not as good as MariaDB in MySQL.

In MySQL, memory storage engines are not as faster as MariaDB.

Proprietary code is accessible in the MySQL enterprise edition.

This article explains to you the main differences between MariaDB and MySQL.

MariaDB vs MySQL: The differences 

I have simple configuration - (MariaDB) slave and master.

Because Master had an accident I need restore databases from replica. But if im using mysqldump - sad no such database.

In replica server I can't list interested databases as well.

Recovering Databases from replica

I'm using a portable MariaDB (10.3.31) for a program written in Java.

When the program starts the database server starts like this:

Runtime.getRuntime().exec(path + "\\database\\bin\\mysqld.exe --port=15001");


So far so good. The server starts with no problem.

But I'm not able to shutdown the database server:

Runtime.getRuntime().exec(path + "\\database\\bin\\mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown");


How to shutdown MySQL server from java

I am trying to set up Snipe IT on Windows server 2016 (VM) . I stack on part where i need to generate key.

When i execute php artisan key:generate i get following error.I checked ".env" file and I think everything is correct. I tried with composer install and update but same error acours...

Cant generate php artisan key

How can I install MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa) server?. MariaDB is a popular drop-in replacement for MySQL database server with more features, new storage engines, and better performance. You can check a complete list of MariaDB 10.5 features from the official website. The MariaDB database server is published as free and open-source software under the General Public License version 2.

To install MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04, you need to add MariaDB repository on to the system. Then the installation of MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 will be done from the APT repository added without any issues.

Ensure your system is updated and install software-properties-common package.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt -y install software-properties-common

Step 2: Import MariaDB gpg key (only Ubuntu 20.04)

Run the command below to add Repository Key to the system:

sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

Step 3: Add MariaDB APT repository(only Ubuntu 20.04)

After importation of repository GPG key, add the APT repository by running the following command:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] http://mariadb.mirror.globo.tech/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main'

Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease        
Get:3 http://mariadb.mirror.globo.tech/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal InRelease [3202 B]
Hit:4 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Hit:5 http://nova.clouds.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Get:6 http://mariadb.mirror.globo.tech/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages [7924 B]
Fetched 11.1 kB in 1s (15.6 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

Step 4: Install MariaDB 10.5 Server on20.04|22.04

The last step is the installation of MariaDB Server:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Hit the y key to accept installation of MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux.

The following additional packages will be installed:
  galera-4 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libdbd-mariadb-perl libdbi-perl libencode-locale-perl libfcgi-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl
  libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmariadb3 libmysqlclient21
  libterm-readkey-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mariadb-client-10.5 mariadb-client-core-10.5 mariadb-common mariadb-server-10.5
  mariadb-server-core-10.5 mysql-common socat
Suggested packages:
  libclone-perl libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl libsql-statement-perl libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl libwww-perl mailx mariadb-test
  tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  galera-4 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libdbd-mariadb-perl libdbi-perl libencode-locale-perl libfcgi-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl
  libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libmariadb3 libmysqlclient21
  libterm-readkey-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mariadb-client mariadb-client-10.5 mariadb-client-core-10.5 mariadb-common mariadb-server
  mariadb-server-10.5 mariadb-server-core-10.5 mysql-common socat
0 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 229 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

Step 5: Secure MariaDB Server on20.04|22.04

You have to manually run the MySQL hardening script.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

The database service should be started automatically after installation.

$ systemctl status mysql
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.5.2 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d
             └─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.conf
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-04-25 23:57:39 UTC; 2min 8s ago
       Docs: man:mysqld(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 4309 (mysqld)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 11 (limit: 2344)
     Memory: 82.5M
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─4309 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: mysql
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: performance_schema
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: Phase 6/7: Checking and upgrading tables
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: Processing databases
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: information_schema
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: performance_schema
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: Phase 7/7: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES'
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[4332]: OK
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[5138]: Checking for insecure root accounts.
Apr 25 23:57:44 ubuntu20 /etc/mysql/debian-start[5142]: Triggering myisam-recover for all MyISAM tables and aria-recover for all Aria tables

Test login to MariaDB shell using mysql command:

$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 56
Server version: 10.5.2-MariaDB-1:10.5.2+maria~focal-log mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------------------------------------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 10.5.2-MariaDB-1:10.5.2+maria~focal-log |
+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>

Step 6: Install Desktop Database Management Tool

If working with MySQL command line is not your thing, then consider installing a Database Tool to help you. Check out our guide below:

mariadb

Trending Blogposts on mariadb

MariaDB vs MySQL: The differences

Popular Discussions on mariadb

openRecovering Databases from replica

1

0

0

openHow to shutdown MySQL server from java

1

0

0

openCant generate php artisan key

1

0

0

openHow to Install MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

6

1

0

PRODUCTS

QUICK LINKS

LEGAL

mariadb

Trending Blogposts on mariadb

MariaDB vs MySQL: The differences

Popular Discussions on mariadb

openRecovering Databases from replica

1

0

0

openHow to shutdown MySQL server from java

1

0

0

openCant generate php artisan key

1

0

0

openHow to Install MariaDB 10.5 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

6

1

0