limit_conn: This module limits the number of connections allowed from a single IP address or a group of IP addresses. You can set a maximum number of allowed connections and if a client exceeds this limit, the server will return an error. This module is useful for preventing DDoS attacks and other types of abuse that rely on opening many connections to your server.

Here's an example of using limit_conn to limit the number of connections from each IP address to 10:

    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit_per_ip:10m;

limit_req: This module limits the number of requests allowed from a single IP address or a group of IP addresses. You can set a maximum number of requests per second or per minute, and if a client exceeds this limit, the server will return an error. This module is useful for preventing brute force attacks and other types of abuse that rely on making many requests to your server.

Here's an example of using limit_req to limit the number of requests from each IP address to 10 per second:

    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:10m rate=10r/s;

        limit_req zone=req_limit_per_ip burst=5;

 Summary, limit_conn limits the number of connections per IP address while limit_req limits the number of requests per IP address. Both modules are useful for preventing abuse and protecting your server, and you can use them together to provide additional layers of protection.

Both limit_conn and limit_req are modules in Nginx that allow you to limit traffic to your server, but they work in slightly different ways:

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