A shell script is a list of commands in a computer program that is run by the Unix shell which is a command-line interpreter. A shell script usually has comments that describe the steps. The different operations performed by shell scripts are program execution, file manipulation, and text printing. A wrapper is also a kind of shell script that creates the program environment, runs the program, etc.

There are two major types of shells in Unix. These are:

Bourne Shell: This is the default shell for version 7 Unix. The character $ is the default prompt for the bourne shell. The different subcategories in this shell are Korn shell, Bourne Again shell, POSIX shell etc.

C Shell: This is a Unix shell and a command processor that is run in a text window. The character % is the default prompt for the C shell. File commands can also be read easily by the C shell, which is known as a script.

Shell scripting provides us with proper command and a platform to execute the commands with the desired input and generate the output needed. It works as a mediator to talk with the system kernel and various OS components.

We can simply think it as of a path or a way to a door that connects with the room we need for. So basically having the knowledge for shell scripting will ease the way we are willing to execute our commands further. We can start or stop any application together by just writing a simple script or we can initialize anything needed at the boot time with the help of shell scripting. It reduces the effort of a user by writing a series of commands at once.

The different capabilities of the shell script are −

Batch jobs: Several commands that would be entered manually in a command line interface can be executed automatically using a shell script. This can be done without the user needing to trigger each command separately.

Programming: There are many features in modern shell scripts that are only found in sophisticated programming languages such as arrays, variables, comments etc. Many complicated applications can be written in shell scripts using these features. But there is a problem i.e. shell script languages don’t support classes, threading etc.

Generalisation: It is much more flexible to use loops, variables etc for multiple tasks in shell script. An example of this is a Unix shell script known as bash, which converts jpg images to png images.

Shortcuts: There is a shortcut provided by a shell script for a system command where command options, environment settings or post processing apply. This still allows the shortcut script to act as a Unix command.

Shell Scripts are used for many purposes some of them are like:-

Advantages and Disadvantages of Shell-Scripting

Some of the advantages of shell script are −

The commands and syntax of the shell script are the same as that entered at the command line. Because of this, there is no need to switch to a completely different syntax.

It is much faster to write a code in shell script than in other programming languages. This also means that the program is easier to create and files required can be selected easily.

Shell script can also be used to provide linkage for already existing programs.

Shell scripting can be used by users that are not experts to modify and tailor the behaviour of their programs according to their requirements.

Some of the disadvantages of shell script are −

There may be errors in shell scripting that prove to be quite costly.

The programs in shell script are quite slow while executing and a new process is required for every shell command executed.

Different platforms in shell scripting may also have compatibility problems.

For the reader, you ought to have a piece of fundamental information on part and Linux and Unix. The most effective method to execute a rationale and ordinary factors esteem utilized would be an additional benefit.

This article explains to you the overview of Shell-Scripting and its advantages and disadvantages.  

Shell-Scripting: An overview

Shell scripting is an open-source laptop application designed to be run by the Unix/Linux shell. Shell scripting is an application to write down a sequence of commands for the shell to execute. It can integrate prolonged and repetitive sequences of commands into a single and easy script that can be saved and executed each time which, reduces programming efforts.

This shell scripting academic enables the analysis of fundamental know-how of the Linux/Unix shell scripting application to advanced ideas of shell scripting.

Shell is a UNIX term for an interface between a user and an operating system service. Shell provides users with an interface and accepts human-readable commands into the system and executes those commands which can run automatically and give the program’s output in a shell script.

An Operating is made of many components, but its two prime components are –

A shell in a Linux working device takes input from you in the shape of commands, methods it, after which gives an output. It is the interface thru which a person works on the applications, instructions, and scripts. A shell is accessed by using a terminal that runs it.

Whilst you run the terminal, the shell troubles a command prompt (commonly $), wherein you may kind your input, which is then carried out whilst you hit the enter key. The output or the result is thereafter displayed on the terminal.

The Bourne Shell: The prompt for this shell is $ and its derivatives are listed below:

Bourne Again SHell also known as bash (most popular)

The C shell: The prompt for this shell is %, and its subcategories are:

Shell Scripts are written using text editors. On your Linux system, open a text editor program, open a new file to begin typing a shell script or shell programming, then give the shell permission to execute your shell script and put your script at the location from where the shell can find it.

Let us understand the steps in creating a Shell Script:

Create a file using a vi editor(or any other editor). Name script file with extension .sh

For executing the script type bash filename. sh

“#!” is an operator called shebang which directs the script to the interpreter location. So, if we use”#! /bin/sh” the script gets directed to the bourne-shell.

Let’s see the steps to create Shell Script Programs in Linux/Unix –

In this blog, we will discuss creating Shell Script in Linux/Unix.

Creating Shell Script in Linux/Unix.

Linux is an operating system just like Windows; Mac OS X was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. The operating system is the interface between the software and the hardware. It provides services for applications and manages computer hardware. Initially, Linux was just an operating system but now it became the platform to run desktops, embedded systems, and servers. It was developed as an alternative to Minix (a UNIX clone developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum).

Linux has many variations and distributions because of its modular design. A kernel is at the base or core of the Linux system. It schedules applications or processes, manages basic peripheral devices, handles network access, and oversees file system services. Linux provides many advantages over other operating systems and that is why it is used almost in every field nowadays, from smartphones to supercomputers, cars to home appliances, and many more.

so now let's go to discuss some advantages of Linux in brief:-

One of the main advantages of Linux is that it's an open source operating system i.e. its source code is easily available for everyone. Anyone able of rendering can contribute, modify, enhance and distribute the code to anyone and for any purpose.

Linux is more secure in comparison to other operating systems such as Windows. Linux is not completely secure as there is some malware for it also but it is less vulnerable than others. Every program in Linux whether an application or a virus needs authorization from the administrator in the form of a password. Unless the password is typed virus won’t execute. There is no requirement of any anti-virus program in Linux.

Linux helps you to use or utilize your old and outdated computer systems as a firewall, router, backup server or file server and many more. There are many distributions available to use according to your system capability. As you can use Puppy Linux for low- end systems.

In Linux you encounter a larger number of software updates. These software updates are much faster than updates in any other operating system. Updates in Linux can be done easily without facing any major issue or concern.

A feature that gives a major advantage over other operating systems is customization. You can customize any feature, add or delete any feature according to your need as it is an open source operating system. Not only this, various wallpapers and attractive icon themes can be installed to give an amazing look to your system.

There are many distributions available also called distros of Linux. It provides various choices or flavors to the users. You can select any bistros according to your needs. Some bistros of Linux are Fedora, Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Debian, Linux Mint and many more. If you are a beginner you can use Ubuntu or Linux Mint. If you are a good programmer you may use Debian or Fedora.

Linux is freely available on the web to download and use. You do not need to buy the license for it as Linux and many of its software come with GNU General Public License. This proved to be one of the major advantages Linux faces over Windows and other operating systems. You need to spend a huge amount to buy the license of Windows which is not the case with Linux.

Forums by excited users are made on the web to help and solve the problem any other user is facing. There are a lot of dedicated programmers there to help you out whenever and wherever possible.

Linux provides high stability also this is good advantage i.e. it does not need to be rebooted after a short period of time. Your Linux system rarely slows down or freezes. As in windows, you need to reboot your system after installing or uninstalling an application or updating your software but this is not the case with Linux. You can work without any disturbance on your Linux systems.

Linux provides high performance on various networks and workstations. It allows a large number of users to work simultaneously and handles them efficiently.

Linux gives support for network functionality as it was written by programmers over the internet. Linux helps you to set up client and server systems on your computer systems easily and in a fast manner.  

Linux provides a high range of flexibility as you can install only required components. There is no need to install a full or complete suite. You can also keep Linux file under multiple partitions so if one of them corrupts then there is no major loss. You only need to repair that particular partition, not the complete file which is not the case with other operating systems.

Linux runs or executes all possible file formats and is compatible with a large number of file formats.

Linux can be easily installed from the web and does not require any prerequisites as it can run on any hardware, even on your oldest systems.

Linux performs all the tasks efficiently even after the hard disk is almost full. This increases the performance of the Linux hence Linux provides high performance also.

Linux is a multitasking operating system as it can perform many tasks simultaneously without any decrease in its speed such as downloading a large file would not slow down the system.

Linux provides various desktop environments to make it easy to use. While installing Linux you can choose any desktop environment according to your wishes such as KDE (K Desktop Environment) or GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment).

In this article, today I will discuss the what are the advantages of Linux, why most people are using Linux nowadays what are the reasons behind this..~!
Let's go to know the reasons :)

Advantages of Linux | The mostly preffered operating system at still 2023

Linux and Unix are two operating systems that are widely used in the world of computing. Unix was first developed in the 1960s, while Linux was first introduced in 1991. Here are some key differences between the two:

1.  Licensing: Unix is a proprietary operating system, which means it is owned and licensed by a single company (such as IBM, HP, or Oracle). In contrast, Linux is open source, which means it is free to use, modify, and distribute.

2.  Kernel: Unix uses its own kernel, while Linux uses the Linux kernel.

3.  User interface: Unix traditionally uses a command-line interface, while Linux can be used with a command-line interface or a graphical user interface.

4.  Hardware support: Unix tends to have better support for high-end hardware, while Linux is better suited for a wider range of hardware configurations.

1.  Open source: As an open source operating system, Linux is free to use and modify, and there is a large community of developers constantly improving it.

2.  Stability: Linux is known for being stable and reliable, and it is less prone to crashes and system failures than other operating systems.

3.  Security: Linux has a reputation for being more secure than other operating systems, due in part to its open source nature and the fact that it is less commonly targeted by malware.

1.  Learning curve: Linux can be more difficult to learn than other operating systems, especially for those who are used to Windows or Mac.

2.  Software compatibility: Some software is not compatible with Linux, although there are many open source alternatives available.

1.  Scalability: Unix is highly scalable and can handle large and complex systems with ease.

2.  Reliability: Unix is known for being reliable and stable, and it is often used in mission-critical applications.

3.  Security: Unix is highly secure and is often used in environments where security is a top priority, such as government and financial institutions.

1.  Cost: Unix is a proprietary operating system and can be expensive to license and maintain.

2.  Complexity: Unix can be more complex to configure and manage than other operating systems.

3. Limited hardware support: Unix is often limited to high-end hardware, and it may not be compatible with a wide range of hardware configurations.

Linux system is derived from Unix and it is a continuation of the basis of Unix design. 

What distinguishes Linux from UNIX? The benefits and drawbacks of each operating system (OS)!

TurboLinux is a Linux distribution that was originally developed by TurboLinux, Inc. in 1992. It was one of the earliest commercial Linux distributions and was known for its focus on performance and compatibility with Japanese systems. TurboLinux was also one of the first Linux distributions to include support for Asian languages, making it a popular choice in Japan and other Asian countries.

Over the years, TurboLinux has undergone several changes in ownership and direction. In 2008, it was acquired by Tokyo-based software company Miracle Linux Corporation, which continues to develop and support the distribution. Today, TurboLinux is primarily used in enterprise environments, particularly in Japan and other Asian countries.

TurboLinux is based on the Linux kernel and includes a variety of open-source software packages, including desktop environments, office productivity tools, development tools, and server software. It is known for its ease of use, stability, and support for Asian languages and systems.

TurboLinux also includes several unique features, such as the TurboLinux Installer, which allows users to easily configure and install the operating system, and the TurboLinux Control Panel, which provides a graphical interface for managing system settings and configurations.

In addition to the standard TurboLinux distribution, there are also specialized versions available for specific use cases. For example, TurboLinux Server is designed for use in server environments, while TurboLinux Workstation is optimized for use on desktop and laptop computers.

One of the notable features of TurboLinux is its support for Linux Standard Base (LSB), which is a set of standards for Linux distributions that ensures compatibility between different Linux distributions and software packages. This makes TurboLinux a reliable choice for businesses and organizations that need to run Linux software on a variety of systems.

Like any operating system, TurboLinux has its pros and cons. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using TurboLinux:

1. Compatibility with Asian systems and languages: TurboLinux is known for its strong support for Asian systems and languages, which makes it a popular choice in Japan and other Asian countries.

2. Stability: TurboLinux is known for its stability and reliability, which makes it a good choice for enterprise environments where system uptime is critical.

3. Support for Linux Standard Base: TurboLinux adheres to the Linux Standard Base, which ensures compatibility with other Linux distributions and software packages.

4. Easy installation and configuration: TurboLinux includes tools such as the TurboLinux Installer and Control Panel, which make it easy to install and configure the operating system.

5. Open-source software: TurboLinux includes a variety of open-source software packages, which can save users money and provide flexibility in choosing software solutions.

1. Limited support: While TurboLinux has a strong following in Asia, it may be more difficult to find support and resources for TurboLinux outside of these regions.

2. Limited software availability: Some software packages may not be available for TurboLinux or may require additional configuration to work properly.

3. User interface: Some users may find the user interface of TurboLinux to be outdated or less user-friendly than other Linux distributions.

4. Hardware compatibility: Some hardware may not be fully supported by TurboLinux, which could cause compatibility issues for users.

5. Limited development resources: Due to its relatively small user base, there may be fewer developers working on TurboLinux compared to other Linux distributions, which could lead to slower development and fewer updates.

In summary, TurboLinux is a Linux distribution with a strong focus on performance, stability, and compatibility with Asian systems and languages. It includes open-source software packages and adheres to the Linux Standard Base for compatibility with other Linux distributions and software. However, TurboLinux may have limited support and resources outside of Asia, limited software availability, and potential hardware compatibility issues. The user interface may also be less user-friendly than other Linux distributions.

TurboLinux is a Linux distribution known for its performance, stability, and strong support for Asian systems and languages. So. let's know their features and pros & cons.

TurboLinux : A complete overview in 2023

Basically I need to run the script with paths related to the shell script file location, how can I change the current directory to the same directory as where the script file resides? 

Unix shell script find out which directory the script file resides?

I want to create a custom report. Response format for sonarqube web service API /api/issues/search is JSON or XML. How can I use that response to create a html or CSV file using "unix shell without using command line tools" so that I can use it as a Report. Or is there any other better way to achieve this? 

How can I use SonarQube web service API for reporting purpose

I am looking for a command line answer that could go back me the number one (first) IP cope with of the localhost, other than 127.0.0.1 

The solution should work at least for Linux (Debian and RedHat) and OS X 10.7+

I am conscious that ifconfig is to be had on both however its output isn't so consistent among these platforms.

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Shell-Scripting: An overview

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TurboLinux : A complete overview in 2023

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TurboLinux : A complete overview in 2023

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