.NET Core is a new version of the .NET Framework, which is a free, open-source, general-purpose development platform maintained by Microsoft. It is a cross-platform framework that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems.

.NET Core Framework can be used to build different types of applications such as mobile, desktop, web, cloud, IoT, machine learning, microservices, game, etc.

.NET Core is written from scratch to make it a modular, lightweight, fast, and cross-platform Framework. It includes the core features that are required to run a basic .NET Core app. Other features are provided as NuGet packages, which you can add to your application as needed. In this way, the .NET Core application speed up the performance, reduce the memory footprint, and becomes easy to maintain.

Key Terminologies in the Architecture of .NET Core

The key terminology in the architecture of .net core is as follows:

Let us see the key terminologies in the architecture of the .Net Core.

Core CLR: Core CLR is the Common Language Runtime optimized for multiplatform and cloud-based deployments. This, along with .Net Native Runtime, forms the foundation of all. Net-based platforms.

.Net Native Runtime: Also referred to as Managed Runtime, .Net Native Runtime contains the native windows based libraries. This also contains Ahead Of Time (AOT) compilation instead of the erstwhile Just In Time (JIT) compilation. This improves the performance of the applications. The .Net Native Runtime and the Core CLR are the layers that contain implementations of primitive types as well as generic collections in .Net. These layers hardly change and are constant throughout the various .Net stacks. The various .Net stack APIs, thus, share the same implementations.

Unified BCL: The Unified Base Class Library, also referred to as CoreFX, consists of the basic classed that form the core of the .Net Core platform.

App Models: On top of the BCL, sit the various App Models that developers leverage to develop platform-specific applications. Currently, .Net Core has the ASP .Net Model for web development and Windows Store Model for windows application development.

There are some limitations with the .NET Framework. For example, it only runs on the Windows platform. Also, you need to use different .NET APIs for different Windows devices such as Windows Desktop, Windows Store, Windows Phone, and Web applications. In addition to this, the .NET Framework is a machine-wide framework. Any changes made to it affect all applications taking a dependency on it. Learn more about the motivation behind .NET Core here.

Today, it's common to have an application that runs across devices; a backend on the web server, admin front-end on windows desktop, web, and mobile apps for consumers. So, there is a need for a single framework that works everywhere. So, considering this, Microsoft created .NET Core. The main objective of .NET Core is to make .NET Framework open-source, cross-platform compatible that can be used in a wide variety of verticals, from the data center to touch-based devices.

.Net Core is a platform on top of which there are frameworks such as ASP .Net Core and Universal Windows Platform that leverage and extend the features of .Net Core.

Let us look at the features of .Net Core that make life easy for developers.

Cross-Platform and Architecture: .Net Core follows the principle of build-once-run-anywhere. Thus, it is cross-platform. It supports Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms. You can build your application on any platform and run it on another. Also, an application built in .Net Core is consistent in its behavior across any architecture such as x64, x86, or ARM.

Command Line Tools: .Net Core comes with easy-to-use command-line tools for those who like to code black and white. These tools are handy for local development as well as for continuous integration of code in repositories.

Flexible CI/CD: .Net Core supports Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment. Thus, you only need to worry about code logic. Rest is all handled by the .Net Core platform.

Languages and IDEs: .Net Core applications and libraries and can be coded in C#, F#, and Visual Basic. This is further supported by integration with your favorite IDEs such as Visual Studio, VS Code, Sublime, Vim, etc.

Compatibility and Support: Compatible with .Net Framework, .Net Standard, Mono APIs, and Xamarin. Being open-source, it has great support from the community as well as from Microsoft.

APIs: .Net Core exposes APIs for many general-purpose as well as high-performance scenarios. On one hand, there are APIs for primitive data types (bool, int, etc.) and Collections (Lists, Dictionaries, etc). On the other hand, there are APIs for high-performance types such as Vector and Pipelines.

.Net Core is truly cross-platform. This is Microsoft’s future platform for integrated development environments for the devices of the future. .Net Core focuses on Web, Windows Store, and touch-based devices.

.Net Core will greatly help you in making applications that cater to the future needs of devices and platforms. The design principles of .Net Core ensure that you follow the best practices of development. There is a rapidly growing need for a more robust and interactive application experience, be it web-based or mobile-based. This, in turn, drives the need for an improved, simpler, and developer-friendly platform. Gone are those days when an application developed in one platform would not work on another platform. Today demands to develop applications that are built once and run everywhere. .Net Core is built upon this ideology and learning it would help you create better applications for modern devices.

The .NET Core platform is not like its predecessor .Net Framework. It is a new .NET stack that is optimized for open-source development and agile delivery through NuGet. While the .NET Framework was designed to be cross-platform, it was largely a Windows-only platform. .NET Core is truly cross-platform. Microsoft is looking to be future-ready and .Net Core is a very fruitful step towards that. It is recommended for interested readers to deep dive more into .Net Core by reading Microsoft Developers blogs. For those who are keen to start building apps in .Net Core, the best way is to start with a shell project in .Net Core in Visual Studio.

Today in this blog, we will discuss the .NET core overview.

Overview of .NET core

The .NET Framework 4.0 and above version supports ASP.NET Web API.

It allows application developers to discover and use extensions with no configuration required. MEF is an integral part of the .NET Framework 4 and is available wherever the .NET-Framework is used that improves the flexibility, maintainability, and testability of large applications.

MSBuild is the build platform for Microsoft and Visual Studio. In the UWP application if you open the project folder, then you will see both project.json and *.csproj files. But if you open our previous .NET Core Console app, then you will see project.json and *.xproj files.

UWP apps will be able to use libraries you have created in .net core as long as you target the .netstandard1.6 (or higher) framework moniker. UWP is only for the Windows ecosystem.

Garbage Collection provides the following benefits:

You don’t need to free the memory manually while developing your application.

It also allocates objects on the managed heap efficiently.

When objects are no longer used then it will reclaim those objects by clearing their memory, and keeps the memory available for future allocations.

Managed objects automatically get clean content to start with, so their constructors do not have to initialize every data field.

It also provides memory safety by making sure that an object cannot use the content of another object.

Assuming that the question relates to the item access modifiers – no, no you can’t. Why? Simply because the interface is always public.

DLL files are those which need to be hidden out of plain sight. The term directly abbreviates to “Dynamic Link Library”. These libraries are vast, containing a huge amount of files and commands. DLLs can also be shared among other programs and apps. A small piece in .NET interview questions but can make a huge difference.

Caching is a process when you keep your most often used files and data in a separate memory. This separate location – a cache – is where you can access all of your designated files. Caching saves developers a lot of time and increases their memory management.

Although this isn’t necessarily one of the primary .NET interview questions, it is still often asked because of how it relates to .NET.

Inheritance happens when one smaller class takes on the features and parameters of another, bigger class. This bigger class is then seen as a “parent class” to the smaller one.

This is also one of the better .NET framework interview questions to expand upon. .NET supports only single inheritance. What this means is that the smaller, child class can only benefit (inherit) from one parent class.

Yes. The Trace class can be used for debugging and releasing certain builds, while Debug is used solemnly for – you’ve guessed it – debugging.

This can be classified as one of the trick .NET interview questions, for it is quite easy to get forget about Trace’s additional function.

Encapsulation is a function that includes various methods and data within a project. This is done so that the object of the program could perform its functions smoothly and without any errors.

A delegate in .NET is similar to a function pointer in C or C++. Using a delegate allows the programmer to encapsulate a reference to a method inside a delegate object. The delegate object can then be passed to code which can call the referenced method, without having to know at compile time which method will be invoked. In addition, we could use delegates to create custom events within a class.

It is a pattern matching routine that is similar to what is found in MVC architecture. Route Tables contain all the routes that have been registered.

Framework Class Libraries (FCL)- The Framework class library (FCL) is a comprehensive collection of reusable types including classes, interfaces, and data types included in the .NET-Framework to provide access to system functionality.

CoreFx is the reimplementation of the class libraries for .NET Core.

Zero Garbage Collectors is the simplest possible implementation that in fact does almost nothing. It only allows you to allocate objects because this is obviously required by the Execution Engine. Created objects are never automatically deleted and theoretically, no longer needed memory is never reclaimed.

The .NET Framework provides a run-time environment called the Common Language Runtime, which manages the execution of code and provides services that make the development process easier. Compilers and tools expose the runtime's functionality and enable you to write code that benefits from this managed execution environment. Code that you develop with a language compiler that targets the runtime is called managed code; it benefits from features such as cross-language integration, cross-language exception handling, enhanced security, versioning and deployment support, a simplified model for component interaction, and debugging and profiling services.

.NET Standard is a set of APIs that all .NET platforms have to implement. This unifies the .NET platforms and prevents future fragmentation.

.NET Standard 2.0 is implemented by .NET Framework, .NET Core, and Xamarin. For .NET Core, this added many of the existing APIs that have been requested.

.NET Standard 2.0 includes a compatibility shim for .NET Framework binaries, significantly increasing the set of libraries that you can reference from your .NET Standard libraries.

.NET Standard will replace Portable Class Libraries (PCLs) as the tooling story for building multi-platform .NET libraries.

.NET Core has been designed to support Dependency Injection(DI), which means the application is loosely coupled. It is a technique to introduce Inversion Control(IoC) between the classes and their dependencies. In other words, the object maintains only that dependency that is required during that particular task. A dependency is an object on which another object depends, by dependency injection, the application becomes better testable, maintainable, and reusable. 

An interface or base class is present to provide an abstraction for dependency implementation. 

Dependency is registered in a service container, a built-in container IServiceProvider is present in .NET Core. 

Service is injected into the constructor of the class where dependency is used. 

Code is flexible, implementation can be changed without much overhead. 

Code becomes easy to test because of the use of interfaces. 

Code is loosely coupled, clean, and easy to maintain.

The generic host was previously present as ‘Web Host’, in .NET Core for web applications. Later, the ‘Web Host’ was deprecated and a generic host was introduced to cater to the web, Windows, Linux, and console applications. 

Whenever a new application is started we are required to take care of the below points: 

.NET generic host called ‘HostBuilder’ helps us to manage all the above tasks since it is built on the original abstraction of these tools. 

Use a .NET Standard library when you want to increase the number of apps that will be compatible with your library, and you are okay with a decrease in the .NET API surface area your library can access.

Use a .NET Core library when you want to increase the .NET API surface area your library can access, and you are okay with allowing only .NET Core apps to be compatible with your library.

Kestrel is a cross-platform web server built for ASP.NET Core based on libuv – a cross-platform asynchronous I/O library.

It is a default web server pick since it is used in all ASP.NET Core templates.

It is secure and good enough to use it without a reverse proxy server. However, it is still recommended that you use IIS, Nginx or Apache or something else.

Ahead of time (AOT) delivers faster start-up time, especially in large applications where much code executes on startup. But it requires more disk space and more memory/virtual address space to keep both the IL and precompiled images. In this case, the JIT Compiler has to do a lot of disk I/O actions, which are quite expensive.

A .NET runtime, which provides a type system, assembly loading, a garbage collector, native interop and other basic services.

A set of framework libraries, which provide primitive data types, app composition types and fundamental utilities.

A set of SDK tools and language compilers that enable the base developer experience, available in the .NET Core SDK.

The 'dotnet' app host, is used to launch .NET Core apps. It selects the runtime and hosts the runtime, provides an assembly loading policy, and launches the app. The same host is also used to launch SDK tools in much the same way.

The Thread represents an actual OS-level thread, with its own stack and kernel resources. The thread allows the highest degree of control; you can Abort() or Suspend() or Resume() a thread, you can observe its state, and you can set thread-level properties like the stack size, apartment state, or culture. ThreadPool is a wrapper around a pool of threads maintained by the CLR.

The Task class from the Task Parallel Library offers the best of both worlds. Like the ThreadPool, a task does not create its own OS thread. Instead, tasks are executed by a TaskScheduler; the default scheduler simply runs on the ThreadPool. Unlike the ThreadPool, Task also allows you to find out when it finishes, and (via the generic Task) to return a result.

The SDK is all of the stuff that is needed/makes developing a .NET Core application easier, such as the CLI and a compiler.

The runtime is the "virtual machine" that hosts/runs the application and abstracts all the interactions with the base operating system.

Mono is third party implementation of .Net Framework for Linux/Android/iOs

.Net Core is Microsoft's own implementation for the same.

The Common Type System (CTS) standardizes the data types of all programming languages using .NET under the umbrella of .NET to a common data type for easy and smooth communication among these .NET languages.

CTS is designed as a singly rooted object hierarchy with System. The object is the base type from which all other types are derived. CTS supports two different kinds of types:

Value Types: Contain the values that need to be stored directly on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. They can be built-in (standard primitive types), user-defined (defined in source code), or enumerations (sets of enumerated values that are represented by labels but stored as a numeric type).

Reference Types: Store a reference to the value‘s memory address and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be any of the pointer types, interface types, or self-describing types (arrays and class types such as user-defined classes, boxed value types, and delegates).

Flexible deployment: Can be included in your app or installed side-by-side user- or machine-wide.

Cross-platform: Runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux; can be ported to other OSes. The supported Operating Systems (OS), CPUs, and application scenarios will grow over time, provided by Microsoft, other companies, and individuals.

Command-line tools: All product scenarios can be exercised at the command line.

Compatible: .NET Core is compatible with .NET Framework, Xamarin, and Mono, via the .NET Standard Library.

Open source: The .NET Core platform is open source, using MIT and Apache 2 licenses. Documentation is licensed under CC-BY. .NET Core is a .NET Foundation project.

Supported by Microsoft: .NET Core is supported by Microsoft, per .NET Core Support

Yes. This might surprise many, but ASP.NET Core works with the .NET framework and this is officially supported by Microsoft.

Unit testing is a development process for the software that has the smallest testable parts of an application, which are called units. They are individually and independently scrutinized for any proper operation. Unit testing is can either be automated or done manually as well.

To complied an ASP.NET program  .NET framework used the Roslyn compiler.

Dot Net Core is the latest version of ASP.Net framework and along with that ASP.Net Core is an open-source and cross platform framework which gives you privilege to develop modern web based and windows based application. ASP.Net based application can run on windows machine only.

ASP.NET has Server Controls features, Which provide facilities to manipulated values of the controls on the Server-Side. This is especially helpful while we want to create validating and dynamically web forms.

ASP.MVC is a web application framework that is lightweight and has high testable features. ASP.NET supports 3 different types of components namely Model, View, and Controller.

Model Layer: The Model component corresponds to all or any of the data-related logic that the user works with. This will represent either the info that’s being transferred between the View and Controller components or the other business logic-related data. For instance, a Customer object will retrieve the customer information from the database, manipulate it, and update its data back to the database or use it to render data.

View Layer: The View component is employed for all the UI logic of the appliance. For instance, the Customer view will include all the UI components like text boxes, dropdowns, etc. that the ultimate user interacts with.

Controller: Controllers act as an interface between Model and consider components to process all the business logic and incoming requests, manipulate data using the Model component, and interact with the Views to render the ultimate output. For instance, the Customer controller will handle all the interactions and inputs from the Customer View and update the database using the Customer Model. An equivalent controller is going to be wont to view the Customer data.

CLR is the basic and Virtual Machine component of the .NET Framework. It is the run-time environment in the .NET Framework that runs the codes and helps in making the development process easier by providing various services such as remoting, thread management, type-safety, memory management, robustness, etc. Basically, it is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs regardless of any .NET programming language. It also helps in the management of code, as code that targets the runtime is known as the Managed Code, and code that doesn’t target to runtime is known as Unmanaged code.

It is a framework to build web applications

Deploy .Net core application to on-premises or to the cloud.

Build and run the application on Windows, MAC, and Linux

The ASP.Net Core is a new open-source framework introduced by Microsoft. ASP.Net Core is a cross-platform open-source framework for building modern applications including cloud-based development.

ASP.Net Core Blogs

.NET is a free and open-source, managed computer software framework for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. It is a cross-platform successor to .NET Framework. The project is primarily developed by Microsoft employees by way of the .NET Foundation, and released under the MIT License.

.NET core

I'm seeking to one hundred% recognize the styles of structure in the. Internet global. The repository's most important code of the repository sample as far as I realize is commonly created inside the infrastructure layer, for facts get entry to, no longer best to databases but other cases as properly. Nowadays, I have the most effective visible it being used to get right of entry to to the database, however, I would like to look if feasible, multiple different examples for whilst the usage of a repository magnificence.

Proper now, for example, I am building an application that does HTTP requests to multiple different APIs. I have a website/center layer and an infrastructure layer. What will be the first-class exercise in this case for the HTTP requests class? Need to there be repositories for the HTTP requests verbal exchange training? Or is there some other pattern to comply with within this situation?

If possible and someone ought to give some greater distinct cloth on this subject I'd be thankful. I've searched a lot and all I'm able to discover is constantly the same database simplest related repository get entry to.

Not sure what is the best practices for this kind of a usecase, but recently I have build something similar. So basically I have folder named externalRepositories inside Infrastructure project which contains mainly three things (per host):

SomeHostHttpClient - maybe not necessarily in your case, but I'm using it for authentication, retries in case of 401/403 and logs requests/responses

SomeHostExternalRepository - handles api requests for a host, checks the response and deserializes object.

SomeHostMappingService - used to map from response dto to entity with additional requests to db for references and so on. Probably this should be inside external repository as private merhods and repo should return entities, I just wanted to separate these two by their responsibilities. But now it introduces some confusion and additional knowledge of implementation

Not saying that it is the correct solution, just sharing my experience within this topic.

.NET Repository Pattern and Http Requests

I'm trying to make a VisualStudio Project (C#, .NET Core, WPF) in AzureDevops self-hosted in docker using Linux image or photo.

##[error]No agent found in pool TEST_POOL which satisfies the following demand: visual studio. All demands: msbuild, visualstudio, vstest, Agent.Version -gtVersion 2.182.1

# To make it easier for build and release pipelines to run apt-get,

# configure apt to not require confirmation (assume they argument by default)

RUN echo "APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90assumeyes

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

AzureDevops build self hosted in docker using Linux image

In my .Net center app (.Net5), I'd want to store my surroundings variables values encrypted. This indicates I want to decrypt the values whilst loaded via the Environment variables configuration provider. As an example, set produt_secretkeyenc=#$selow#rljlskdfj

In the product, I would like this realized as a configuration price "secret key" with a cost of "decrypted string"

So, translated the important thing and the price for the duration of bootstrap.

Translate environment variables in .net core app

 What right is the difference between .NET Core and ASP.NET Core? 

Are they collectively extraordinary? I heard ASP.NET middle is built on .Internet middle, however it could additionally be constructed on the whole .Internet framework.

.NET Core vs ASP.NET Core

  Recently in an official .NET Framework Blog It become introduced that .NET Core is going open source. 

  Mockingly, the author mentions that what .Net middle is might be defined within the subsequent put up.

What is ".NET Core"?

I will do a get request, however I have no concept of the way to make a publish request.

How to make an HTTP POST web request

We are using Identity Server 4 for User Login Authentication and Authorization. We have implemented ASP NET.Core Identity Password Hash in our Login and used ASPNET.Identity Password Hash in our Registration. How can we change the Registration password hash to Login Password Hash.

I have installed the ASPNET core nuget package and used the IPassword Hasher Method. I am not getting to a point how to resolve this.

How to Change AspNet Identity Password Hash to AspNet.Core Identity Password Hash

I would like to be able to drop nswag.json and swagger.json in my rest clients project and get the cs code generated automatically.

Also if the project is up-to-date don't build it again.

How to configure NSwag.msbuild to work across platform building net.core projects?

As .NET Core is getting nearer, I will start to convert our Library to NET-Core, so that it could be used from our old Code (Net 4.5) and Net Core! But for me it is not clear what Type should my Library be. I've no "Net-Core" Project Type in VS2015! Do I need to use old school "PCL" Library? Or how do I do it? 

Convert a C# Library to Net.Core

I have different dlls for net.core from a tool vendor for Linux and Windows. (dll and so)

In the IDE I need the Windows version. The application itself will later run in Docker under Linux.

My idea is to create a nuget package that contains both versions and the build can be chosen via a switch.

I am looking for an approach how to solve this.

OS system dependent build with net.core (Windows and Linux Docker)

I would like to stream video TO Azure blob storage (I think I should use Append Blob which is optimized for data streaming). I'm going to use NET.Core (because actually the video is coming from Hololens). What are the best practicies to achive that? I try to dig a little bit on internet, but I found few related topics. 

Best practice for Video Streaming to Azure Blob Storage Net.Core

I´m need to create a web api with net.core for a mobile (Ionic) app. Part of this app, do not need be authenticated to see a list of products.

I need to create a web api, to list this products but, the user do not need to login on app, but I´d like that my application could consume this api and not be open to all (just my app can consume).

It is possible? If yes, what I need to do?

Secure net.core api without a authentication

i am facing a critical issue while running oracle rac database in docker container solely as net.core* parameters are not set in the container. I also tried with --net=host but that does not seem to help as it uses host network which limit connectivity between two rac containers and also hinders the installation.

Is there any workaround for setting --sysctl net.core* parameters with docker run?

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